Table 5.
Selected characteristics of adult transplant recipients who had a first transplant in 2007–2009 (n=14,393), and associations with chronic opioid prescriptions after transplantation
| Characteristics | Percent | Multivariate logistic regression | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| OR | (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age at transplant | ||||
| 20–44 | 33.9% | 1.41 | (1.13, 1.76) | 0.002 |
| 45–64 | 45.8% | 1.56 | (1.28, 1.90) | <0.001 |
| 65+ | 20.3% | 1.00 | ||
| Male gender | 60.5% | 0.89 | (0.78, 1.01) | 0.08 |
| White race | 59.9% | 1.06 | (0.92, 1.23) | 0.42 |
| Education | ||||
| High school or less | 55.9% | 1.00 | ||
| Some college or higher | 30.8% | 0.99 | (0.85, 1.15) | 0.87 |
| Unknown/Missing | 13.3% | 0.93 | (0.76, 1.14) | 0.47 |
| Employment status | ||||
| Working | 12.5% | 1.00 | ||
| Not working | 75.7% | 1.32 | (1.05, 1.66) | 0.02 |
| Unknown/Missing | 11.8% | 1.33 | (1.00, 1.78) | 0.05 |
| ZIP code median income | ||||
| < $45,000 | 48.3% | 1.19 | (0.93, 1.53) | 0.17 |
| $45,000 – $74,999 | 41.0% | 1.29 | (1.01, 1.65) | 0.04 |
| ≥$75,000 | 10.7% | 1.00 | ||
| Dual status† | 73.4% | 1.12 | (0.94, 1.34) | 0.21 |
| Residential area: rural | 17.8% | 1.23 | (1.04, 1.46) | 0.01 |
| Nursing home residence‡ | 3.0% | 1.22 | (0.86, 1.73) | 0.26 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| ESRD vintage | ||||
| 0 years | 8.4% | 1.79 | (1.34, 2.39) | <0.001 |
| 1–3 years | 45.1% | 1.07 | (0.93, 1.24) | 0.35 |
| 4+ years | 46.5% | 1.00 | ||
| Opioid prescription, before transplant | ||||
| None | 32.1% | 1.00 | ||
| Short-term | 32.8% | 3.81 | (2.95, 4.91) | <0.001 |
| Chronic | 11.4% | 95.2 | (74.2, 122.1) | <0.001 |
| No data | 23.7% | 3.13 | (2.33, 4.20) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Cancer§ | 4.1% | 1.11 | (0.81, 1.53) | 0.51 |
| Congestive heart failure | 12.4% | 0.98 | (0.80, 1.20) | 0.86 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 4.6% | 1.36 | (1.01, 1.82) | 0.04 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 3.5% | 1.06 | (0.75, 1.50) | 0.75 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1.7% | 1.28 | (0.81, 2.01) | 0.29 |
| Atherosclerotic heart disease | 8.4% | 1.16 | (0.91, 1.48) | 0.23 |
| Diabetes | 40.0% | 1.05 | (0.92, 1.21) | 0.47 |
| AIDS | 0.3% | 1.64 | (0.54, 4.97) | 0.38 |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
All variables presented in the table were adjusted in the logistic regression model.
None opioid prescription: 0 days filled opioid prescription; short-term opioid prescription: 1–89 days filled opioid prescription; chronic opioid prescription: 90 days or more filled opioid prescription
†
Dual status in Medicare and Medicaid before transplant
‡
On the basis of one or more claims before transplant in physician/carrier files
§
On the basis of one or more inpatient stays with a cancer diagnosis before transplant and Form 2728