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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Jan 31;186:152–167. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.01.009

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Schematic of sigma-1 receptor cellular activity. (1) The sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) is constitutively bound to another endoplasmic reticulum protein Binding Immunoglobulin Protein (BiP). Upon activation, the σ1R dissociates from BiP where it can then translocate to other cellular compartments. (2) The σ1R has been shown to stabilize IP3 type 3 receptors at the mitochondrial associated membrane and promote calcium (Ca2+) influx into the mitochondria. This promotes cellular metabolism and contributes to the pro-survival effects of the σ1R. (3) The σ1R has also been shown to associate with and regulate the activity of different membrane proteins, including voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs), transporter proteins, and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The ER, mitochondria, and protein images are courtesy of Servier Medical Art, licensed under CC BY 3.0.