Appendix Table 1.
Associations of Maternal Diet Soda Consumption (Mean First and Second Trimester) and Child Fructose and Fruit Consumption With Child Cognition in Early (Median 3.3 Years) and Mid-Childhood (Median 7.7 Years) Alternatively Modeled as Quartiles
| Consumption quartiles | β (95% CI)a |
|---|---|
| Maternal diet soda consumption | |
| KBIT-II verbal, mid-childhood | |
| Q1 | 0.0 (ref) |
| Q2 | −0.9 (−3.0, 1.1) |
| Q3 | −2.7 (−5.0, −0.3) |
| Q4 | −6.5 (−9.8, −3.2) |
| Child fructose consumption | |
| PPVT-III, early childhood | |
| Q1 | 0.0 (ref) |
| Q2 | 1.0 (−1.3, 3.3) |
| Q3 | 2.7 (0.4, 5.0) |
| Q4 | 2.6 (0.3, 4.8) |
| Child fruit consumption | |
| PPVT-III, early childhood | |
| Q1 | 0.0 (ref) |
| Q2 | 1.4 (−0.9, 3.7) |
| Q3 | 2.4 (0.1, 4.7) |
| Q4 | 2.9 (0.5, 5.3) |
KBIT-II, Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, second edition; PPVT-III, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, third edition; Q, quartile
a
Adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, college graduate, fish intake (average of first and second trimester), smoking during pregnancy, household income at enrollment >$70,000, and child sex and race/ethnicity. Child exposures additionally adjusted for birth weight for gestational age z-score and corresponding intake during pregnancy.