TABLE 4.
Emergency room (ER) visits, hospitalization, and problems due to substance use (N = 1748)
| Offspring without child abuse (n = 1478) | Offspring with child abuse (n = 270) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emergency health care use due to substance use | % (N) | % (N) | OR (95% CI) | p | AORd(95% CI) | p |
| Ever admitted to ER | 1.9 (28) | 5.9 (16) | 3.3 (1.7–6.1) | <.00001 | 2.9 (1.5–5.6) | .001 |
| Ever admitted to in-patient unit | 2.4 (35) | 4.5 (12) | 1.9 (1.0–3.7) | .05 | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | .05 |
| Health and psychosocial problems | % (N) | % (N) | OR (95% CI) | p | AORd(95% CI) | p |
| Had health problemsa | 3.0 (44) | 7.8 (21) | 2.7 (1.6–4.6) | <.00001 | 2.4 (1.3–4.1) | .003 |
| Problems with family, job etc.b | 13.3 (197) | 33.7 (91) | 3.3 (2.5–4.4) | <.00001 | 3.2 (2.3–4.4) | <.00001 |
| Psychological problemsc | 9.3 (137) | 24.1 (65) | 3.1 (2.2–4.3) | <.00001 | 2.9 (2.0–4.1) | <.00001 |
| Ever sold drug | 14.0 (206) | 29.3 (79) | 2.6 (1.9–3.4) | <.00001 | 2.5 (1.8–3.5) | <.00001 |
| Problems with substance use | % (N) | % (N) | OR (95% CI) | p | AOR (95% CI) | p |
| Felt dependent on it | 12.3 (182) | 27.2 (68) | 2.4 (1.7–3.3) | <.00001 | 2.2 (1.7–2.9) | <.00001 |
| Try to cut down on drugs but could not | 10.7 (158) | 23.7 (64) | 2.6 (1.9–3.6) | <.00001 | 2.5 (1.7–3.4) | <.00001 |
| Needed more drug | 11.5 (170) | 22.6 (61) | 2.2 (1.6–3.1) | <.00001 | 2.1 (1.5–3.0) | <.00001 |
| Had drug withdrawal symptoms | 8.1 (120) | 16.3 (44) | 2.2 (1.5–3.2) | <.00001 | 2.0 (1.4–3.0) | .00005 |
| Used drug daily for 2 or more weeks | 20.0 (295) | 33.3 (90) | 2.0 (1.5–2.7) | <.00001 | 1.9 (1.4–2.5) | <.00001 |
OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; AOR = adjusted odds ratio. Holms correction for multiple testing has been used and the p-value for significance is set for .008.
fits, an accidental overdose, a persistent cough, or an infection as a result of using the drug.
family, friends, on the job, at school, or with the police.
feeling crazy or paranoid or depressed or uninterested in things.
Age, race, sex, and poverty level at birth and at age 7, mother’s educational level, maternal lifetime history of mental health, number of siblings, and childhood behavioral problems (activity level, low attention span, impulsivity, and low frustration tolerance) were adjusted.