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. 2018 May 15;9:536. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00536

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Copyright © 2018 Chen, Sun, Chen, Gu, Zhang, Yang, Peng, Dong and Lai.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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HCl perfusion into the esophagus caused airway inflammation. (A) Pathological changes in the lung tissues of guinea pigs in four groups as assessed by HE staining. (B) SP expression (black arrow) in the airway of the HCl group animals was increased compared with that of the other three groups. (C) SP mean density is presented. (D) SP concentrations were measured by ELISA. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. ^∗∗∗p < 0.001 compared with the other three groups; ^#p > 0.05 among the control, saline and sham groups; one-way ANOVA followed by LSD test.