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. 2018 May 15;6:140. doi: 10.3389/fped.2018.00140

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Copyright © 2018 Singh and Tissot.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Assessment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Image “a” shows PDA on 2D imaging; Image “b” shows PDA on color flow mapping; Image “c” assessment of PDA size on 2D and color flow mapping; and Image “d” shows pulsatile flow pattern on Doppler assessment. (B) Hemodynamic assessment of PDA for assessing pulmonary hyperperfusion and systemic hypoperfusion. Image “a” shows volume overloading left side of the heart in apical 4-chamber view; Image “b” shows measurement of left atrium to aorta ratio (LA:Ao ratio); Image “c” shows retrograde flow in splanchnic vessels; and Image “d” retrograde flow in descending aorta (“steal phenomenon”) in a hemodynamically significant large PDA.