Table 1.

Primary and secondary outcome measures. EMA: ecological momentary assessment; IMB: information-motivation-behavioral.

Measure		Description of measure
Primary outcome: medication adherence
	Medication adherence (EMA)	Text messages daily to prompt for adherence to controller medication. Participants will also complete a diary at the end of each day to assess asthma symptoms and barriers.
	Medication adherence [62] (written measure)	12-item, yes/no response measure asks about controller medication use in the last 3 months (Have you forgotten to take medications as prescribed, etc.).
	Medication adherence (objective measure) [63]	A Doser tracking device will be used (with covert display mode) to measure number of doses during the EMA period at baseline and at 6 and 12 months [64]. Prompts have been added to check that devices are attached and functional.
Secondary outcome: asthma control
	Asthma symptoms (EMA)	Text messages daily to prompt for asthma symptoms and a text each morning to ask for total symptoms experienced the previous day and night. Participants also complete a diary at the end of each day to assess mood and impact of asthma on activity level and daily life.
	Asthma Control Test (ACT) [65]	A 5-item questionnaire. Scores range from 5 (poor control of asthma) to 25 (complete control of asthma), with higher scores indicating greater asthma control. An ACT score >19 indicates well-controlled asthma.
	Pulmonary functioning	Forced expiratory maneuvers (forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced viral capacity) will be obtained with a calibrated recording spirometer (KoKo portable device) at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months.
Proposed mediators
	Asthma Knowledge, Attitudes, and Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (KASE-AQ) [66]	60 items, using a Likert scale response set, assess knowledge regarding asthma, their attitudes about their asthma, and their self-efficacy regarding their perceived ability to control their asthma consistent with the IMB skills model.
	Motivation for adherence	Internal and external motivation for asthma medication adherence will be measured consistent with the IMB skills model.
Baseline descriptive measures
	Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) [67]	The ASSIST was developed for the World Health Organization to detect psychoactive substance use and related problems in primary care patients. Only tobacco and marijuana use will be assessed.
	Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) [68]	The BSI-18 measures psychological distress (anxiety, depression, and somatic complaints).
Participant satisfaction
	Client satisfaction	Participants will complete a brief satisfaction questionnaire at the end of session 2.