Effects of rBMP-2/Fc on synovial cells isolated from experimental mice. The expression of (A) BMP-2 and (B) BMP-2R in synovial cells from a mouse model of osteonecrosis of the femoral head were determined by ELISA. The expression of (C) IL-6 (D) IL-10, (E) VEGF, (F) M-CSF and (G) RANKL in synovial cells were analyzed by ELISA. (H) The half-life periods of rBMP-2/Fc and BMP-2 were determined by pharmacokinetic methods. (I) The affinity of rBMP-2/Fc for BMP-2R was measured. *P<0.05, **P<0.01. BMP-2, bone morphogenetic protein-2; rBMP, recombinant bone morphogenetic protein; Fc, Fc fragment; BMP-2R, bone morphogenetic protein-2 receptor; Il, interleukin; VEGF; vascular endothelial growth factor; M-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor; RANKL, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand; SI-OTFD, steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head; DEX, dexamethasone.