Table 3.
Descriptive data and between-groups comparisons for demographic variables and language scores at age 5 years.
| Variable | CNH |
CHH |
Between groups |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | M (SD) | Range | n | M (SD) | Range | p | d | |
| Maternal education (years) | 53 | 15.8 (3.1) | 9–20 | 139 | 15.5 (2.2) | 9–20 | .526 | |
| Age (months) | 57 | 60.9 (2.4) | 58–69 | 142 | 60.9 (2.5) | 57–69 | .970 | |
| PPVT-4 (SS) | 56 | 114.4 (13.2) | 85–141 | 137 | 101.9 (16.3) | 61–139 | .001 | 0.84 |
| CELF-4 Word Structure (SS) | 57 | 110.7 (14.2) | 70–140 | 135 | 95.9 (20.2) | 55–140 | .001 | 0.85 |
| PLAI-2 Total Score (SS) | 52 | 113.6 (18.2) | 73–139 | 126 | 100.0 (21.2) | 49–151 | .001 | 0.69 |
| PLAI-2 Reasoning (SS) | 52 | 119.3 (22.5) | 75–150 | 126 | 104.6 (24.9) | 55–150 | .001 | 0.62 |
Note. CNH = children with normal hearing; CHH = children who are hard of hearing; PPVT-4 = Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Fourth Edition; SS = standard score; CELF-4 = Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Fourth Edition; PLAI-2 = Preschool Language Assessment Instrument–Second Edition.