Table 8.
Demographic and performance outcome variables for second graders in both groups.
| Variable | CNH |
CHH |
Between groups |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | M (SD) | Range | n | M (SD) | Range | p | d | |
| Maternal education (years) | 40 | 15.6 (2.8) | 9–20 | 80 | 15.6 (2.2) | 9–20 | .937 | |
| Age (months) | 43 | 99.9 (3.5) | 93–107 | 80 | 101.5 (4.9) | 91–114 | .042 | |
| AWMA Backward Digits (SS) | 43 | 105.3 (13.5) | 82–143 | 80 | 100.5 (15.9) | 61–139 | .094 | |
| CELF-4 Word Structure (SS) | 43 | 109.7 (8.7) | 80–125 | 79 | 103.9 (15.9) | 55–125 | .012 | 0.37 |
| WJTA-III Picture Vocabulary (SS) | 43 | 102.7 (10.2) | 80–125 | 80 | 99.4 (10.2) | 69–125 | .092 | 0.33 |
Note. CNH = children with normal hearing; CHH = children who are hard of hearing; AWMA = Automated Working Memory Assessment; SS = standard score; CELF-4 = Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Fourth Edition; WJTA = Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement–Third Edition.