Table 9.

Summary of two logistic regression models with passing or failing first-order and second-order false beliefs at second grade as the dependent variable and language scores, working memory, maternal education level, and hearing category (normal hearing, mild, moderate, moderately severe) as independent variables.

Variable	First-order false belief			Second-order false belief
	Wald chi-square	Pr > chi-square	Odds ratio estimate	Wald chi-square	Pr > chi-square	Odds ratio estimate
Hearing category	1.211	0.751	1.281–2.173 a	0.437	0.932	0.728–1.014 a
Maternal education	0.001	0.971	1.004	2.920	0.088	1.167
AWMA Backward Digits SS	0.002	0.970	1.001	1.733	0.188	1.020
CELF-4 Word Structure SS	7.924	0.005	1.068	9.244	0.002	1.071
WJTA-III Picture Vocabulary SS	3.867	0.050	1.068	1.305	0.252	0.971

Note. AWMA = Automated Working Memory Assessment; SS = standard score; CELF-4 = Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Fourth Edition; WJTA = Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement–Third Edition.

^a Compared subgroups with normal hearing to subgroups with mild, moderate, and moderately severe hearing. Because no comparisons were significant, the range is provided.