Table 2.
Sensory loss among participants
| CHARACTERISTIC | HEARING LOSS | VISION LOSS | DUAL SENSORY LOSS | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| NO | YES | P VALUE | NO | YES | P VALUE | NO | YES | P VALUE | |
| Female sex, % | 52.1 | 35.7 | < .001 | 50.0 | 54.7 | < .001 | 50.6 | 39.4 | < .001 |
| Age, y, % | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | ||||||
| • 45–49 | 14.9 | 9.3 | 14.1 | 15.9 | 14.4 | 7.2 | |||
| • 50–59 | 39.1 | 31.8 | 38.5 | 36.2 | 38.4 | 31.8 | |||
| • 60–69 | 27.8 | 30.5 | 28.3 | 25.0 | 28.0 | 30.0 | |||
| • 70–79 | 14.1 | 20.5 | 14.7 | 15.9 | 14.7 | 20.9 | |||
| • 80–85 | 4.2 | 8.0 | 4.4 | 6.9 | 4.5 | 10.2 | |||
| Education, % | < .001 | < .001 | .002 | ||||||
| • Some secondary | 6.4 | 10.4 | 6.5 | 10.5 | 6.7 | 11.9 | |||
| • Secondary graduate | 12.6 | 13.2 | 12.4 | 14.7 | 12.6 | 15.1 | |||
| • Some postsecondary | 7.4 | 8.2 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 6.8 | |||
| • Postsecondary graduate | 73.7 | 68.2 | 73.6 | 67.1 | 73.2 | 66.3 | |||
| Annual household income, % | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | ||||||
| • < $20 000 | 4.9 | 7.2 | 4.7 | 10.2 | 5.1 | 10.3 | |||
| • $20 000–$49 999 | 23.1 | 29.2 | 23.0 | 32.5 | 23.5 | 35.1 | |||
| • $50 000–$99 999 | 36.0 | 36.2 | 36.5 | 31.5 | 36.1 | 33.6 | |||
| • $100 000–$149 999 | 19.8 | 15.1 | 19.7 | 14.1 | 19.4 | 10.5 | |||
| • ≥ $150 000 | 16.2 | 12.4 | 16.1 | 11.7 | 15.9 | 10.5 | |||
| Mean SNI score out of 10 | 4.26 | 4.14 | .008 | 4.28 | 3.94 | < .001 | 4.26 | 3.81 | < .001 |
| No weekly social activities, % | 17.2 | 20.5 | .003 | 17.2 | 22.5 | < .001 | 17.4 | 28.1 | < .001 |
| Below-median social support, % | |||||||||
| • Overall | 46.2 | 51.7 | < .001 | 45.7 | 58.8 | < .001 | 46.5 | 59.5 | < .001 |
| • Affectionate | 43.9 | 49.4 | .003 | 43.7 | 53.7 | < .001 | 44.3 | 54.1 | .002 |
| • Emotional or informational | 47.1 | 52.3 | < .001 | 47.0 | 55.6 | < .001 | 47.5 | 56.8 | .003 |
| • Tangible | 41.1 | 46.2 | < .001 | 40.7 | 52.7 | < .001 | 41.4 | 56.1 | < .001 |
| • Positive interactions | 44.2 | 49.7 | < .001 | 44.0 | 54.5 | < .001 | 44.6 | 54.4 | .002 |
| Lonely at least 1 day per week, % | 20.8 | 23.4 | .006 | 20.5 | 28.0 | < .001 | 21.0 | 27.3 | .010 |
| Wears a hearing aid, % | 2.9 | 15.4 | < .001 | 4.1 | 6.1 | .001 | 4.0 | 14.9 | < .001 |
| Smoking status, % | < .001 | < .001 | .03 | ||||||
| • Current | 10.3 | 11.8 | 10.1 | 14.5 | 31.5 | 24.9 | |||
| • Former | 57.6 | 63.4 | 58.3 | 56.7 | 58.1 | 61.5 | |||
| • Never | 32.2 | 24.8 | 31.6 | 28.8 | 10.4 | 13.6 | |||
| History of medical condition, % | |||||||||
| • Hypertension | 32.3 | 40.5 | < .001 | 32.7 | 38.4 | < .001 | 32.9 | 46.7 | < .001 |
| • Diabetes | 14.3 | 19.1 | < .001 | 14.3 | 20.0 | < .001 | 14.6 | 22.1 | < .001 |
| • Myocardial infarction | 4.5 | 8.2 | < .001 | 4.7 | 7.1 | < .001 | 4.8 | 9.2 | < .001 |
| • Angina | 3.9 | 6.9 | < .001 | 4.1 | 5.8 | .004 | 4.2 | 8.1 | < .001 |
| • Peripheral vascular disease | 6.0 | 9.1 | < .001 | 6.1 | 9.6 | < .001 | 6.2 | 12.8 | < .001 |
| • Transient ischemic attack | 2.5 | 4.7 | < .001 | 2.6 | 4.0 | .008 | 2.7 | 5.6 | < .001 |
| • Stroke | 1.4 | 2.2 | .005 | 1.3 | 3.8 | < .001 | 1.4 | 4.1 | < .001 |
| • Kidney disease | 2.1 | 3.7 | < .001 | 2.0 | 4.9 | < .001 | 2.2 | 6.1 | < .001 |
| • Hypothyroidism | 10.2 | 9.3 | .24 | 10.1 | 11.0 | .36 | 10.2 | 7.8 | .12 |
| • Hyperthyroidism | 2.0 | 2.4 | .32 | 2.0 | 2.6 | .23 | 2.0 | 1.5 | .47 |
| • Cancer | 13.0 | 14.9 | .04 | 13.0 | 15.0 | .07 | 13.1 | 16.4 | .12 |
SNI—Social Network Index.