Table 2.

Sample description

	Typical development	Language impairment
Monolingual  • Finnish	NMonoTD = 80	NMonoDLD = 136
Bilingual  • L1 not Finnish  • L2 Finnish (≥ 1 yr exposure to Finnish in kindergarten)	NBiTD = 80	NBiDLD = 91
Recruited from	Kindergartens	Department of Phoniatrics
Exclusion criteria	• PIQ < 85 • Difficulties in language acquisition or other development  ∘ Suspected or diagnosed in child  ∘ Diagnosed in parents or siblings	• PIQ < 70 • Diagnosed neurological impairment or disability • Hearing impairment • ASD • Oral anomalies
Speech and language therapy	Short guidance on individual speech sounds allowed	SLT assessment or intervention required