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. 2018 May 15;9:936. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00936

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Copyright © 2018 Wang, Li, Liu, Chang, Sun, Gao, Wang, Zhou, Liu, Zheng, Cui, Chen, Li, Yuan, Wen, Peng and Zhao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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UBA52 influences IAV replication in DF1 cells. (A) Interaction network of the identified proteins with PA-N155 that are involved in RNA processing. (B) Interaction network of the identified proteins with PA-N155 that are involved in viral processes. (C) Interaction network of the identified proteins with PA-N182 involved in RNA processing. (D) Interaction network of the identified proteins with PA-N182 involved in viral processes. Red points represent UBA52 and the other colors represent the other identified proteins involved in RNA processing or viral processes. (E–G) Co-IP assay confirming the interaction between UBA52 and PA, PA-N155 or PA-N182. (H) Knockdown efficiency of UBA52. DF1 cells were transfected with siNC or siUBA52. The result shown is from quantitative PCR performed 24 h after infection. (I) Progeny virus titers decreased significantly after transfection of DF1 cells with siUBA52 at 12 and 24 hpi. The results are presented as the mean ± SD from three independent experiments. ^∗p < 0.05 compared with cells transfected with siNC. ^∗∗p < 0.01 compared with cells transfected with siNC. (J) Cytokines and chemokines expression in the DF1 cells. Cytokine or chemokine expression was expressed as the mean ± SD concentration. ^∗p < 0.05 compared with cells transfected with siNC. ^∗∗p < 0.01 compared with cells transfected with siNC.