Table 3.

Prediction performance of features with respect to distant failure on CC and primary NSCLC cohort

cohort	features	Accuracy	Sensitivity	Specificity	AUC	95% CI	P value
NSCLC	Intensity	0.70 ± 0.01	0.70 ± 0.02	0.69 ± 0.01	0.73 ± 0.02	[0.5615,0.8613]	.0002
	Geometry	0.68 ± 0.01	0.65 ± 0.06	0.70 ± 0.04	0.65 ± 0.01	[0.4861,0.8009]	.0001
	GLCM texture	0.75 ± 0.03	0.75 ± 0.03	0.74 ± 0.03	0.76 ± 0.02	[0.5528,0.8905]	.0044
	NGTDM texture	0.68 ± 0.03	0.70 ± 0.06	0.65 ± 0.02	0.73 ± 0.03	[0.5139,0.8783]	.0015
	Combination	0.73 ± 0.04	0.72 ± 0.02	0.71 ± 0.03	0.76 ± 0.02	[0.5887,0.8796]	.0025
	Shell	0.81 ± 0.03	0.81 ± 0.02	0.80 ± 0.03	0.82 ± 0.03	[0.6632,0.9247]	–
CC	Intensity	0.72 ± 0.02	0.71 ± 0.03	0.75 ± 0.03	0.69 ± 0.01	[0.4743,0.8533]	.0003
	Geometry	0.71 ± 0.04	0.71 ± 0.01	0.71 ± 0.04	0.71 ± 0.01	[0.4891,0.8590]	.0006
	GLCM texture	0.75 ± 0.02	0.80 ± 0.02	0.73 ± 0.02	0.76 ± 0.04	[0.5427,0.8981]	.0015
	NGTDM texture	0.72 ± 0.04	0.71 ± 0.02	0.74 ± 0.04	0.74 ± 0.03	[0.5396,0.8524]	.0002
	Combination	0.72 ± 0.03	0.75 ± 0.05	0.73 ± 0.03	0.73 ± 0.02	[0.5519,0.8813]	< .0001
	Shell	0.80 ± 0.04	0.81 ± 0.02	0.80 ± 0.04	0.83 ± 0.02	[0.6559,0.9212]	–

NOTE. “Combination” refers to the combined four types of features, i.e., intensity, geometry, GLCM texture and NGTDM texture; 95% CI and P value are both derived from values of AUC; P value measures the statistical AUC difference between each group of handcrafted features and shell feature.

Abbreviations: AUC, the area under a characteristic operation curve; CI, confidence interval.