. 2017 Oct 17;90(1079):20170028. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20170028

Table 1.

Summary of in vitro studies of DNA damage indicators for blood samples exposed with, or without iodinated contrast media (ICM)

Study (year of publication)	Assay type	Dose (mGy)	Time since exposure	Equipment	Quoted tube potential/filtration	Iodine concentration (mg I ml^–1)	Foci per cell (no ICM)	Foci per cell (with ICM)	ICM associated increase in absolute foci (%)	ICM associated increase in excess foci (%)
Callisen (1979)	Lymphocyte survival	Unclear		Faxitron	70 kV/4.2 mm Al	3.7^c			30
						7.4^c			70
						18.5^c			270
Hadnegy (1982)	Lymphocyte dicentrics & rings	500		Not stated	250 kV/1 mm Al, 1 mm Cu	5.6^c (Urografin)		0.064
		500				11.1^c (Urografin)		0.073
		500				22.2^c (Urografin)		0.119
		560				19.2^c (Hexabrix)		0.135
		940				19.2^c (Hexabrix)		0.314
		1250				19.2^c (Hexabrix)		0.465
		1880				19.2^c (Hexabrix)		1.024
Jost (2009)	Lymphocyte dicentrics	0		Siemens Sensation 64 (CT)	n/a	5.0	0.0003	0
		25			120 kV	5.0	0.0011	0.0014	27
		50			120 kV	5.0	0.0021	0.0025	19
		100			120 kV	5.0	0.0042	0.0059	40
		1000			120 kV	5.0	0.0920	0.1603	74
		0			n/a	50.0	0.0003	0
		25			120 kV	50.0	0.0011	0.0082	645
		50			120 kV	50.0	0.0021	0.0213	914
		100			120 kV	50.0	0.0042	0.0444	957
		1000			120 kV	50.0	0.0920	0.9094	888
Jost (2009)	Lymphocyte γ-H2AX56	25		Siemens Sensation 64 (CT)	120 kV	5.0	0.580	0.952	64
		50			120 kV	5.0	0.911	0.726	−20
		100			120 kV	5.0	1.503	1.547	3
		1000			120 kV	5.0	4.697	6.351	35
		25			120 kV	50.0	0.580	0.892	54
		50			120 kV	50.0	0.911	2.232	145
		100			120 kV	50.0	1.503	3.983	165
		1000			120 kV	50.0	4.697	11.709	149
Grudzenski (2009)	Lymphocyte γ-H2AX	10	5 min	Philips PW2184 (radiography tube)	90 kV/1 mm Al	33.0 (Iopromide)	0.217^a,d	0.359^a,d		66
			30 m				0.133^a,d	0.266^a,d		100
			2.5 h				0.080^a,d	0.190^a,d		138
			5 h				0.032^a,d	0.109^a^d		241
		500	5 min	Philips PW2184 (radiography tube)	90 kV/1 mm Al	33.0 (Iopromide)	9.27^a,d	15.00^a,d		62
			30 min				5.51^a,d	9.90^a,d		80
			2.5 h				3.20 ^a,d	6.58^a,d		106
			5 h				1.56^a,d	3.29^a,d		111
		500	5 min	662 keV γ source (Cs-137)	n/a	33.0 (Iopromide)	8.34 ^a,d	7.62^a^d		10
			30 min				5.77^a^d	5.51^a,d		5
			2.5 h				4.08^a,d	4.52^ad		−10
			5 h				2.00^a,d	1.92^a,d		4
Grudzenski (2009)	Fibroblast γ-H2AX	1500	30 min	Philips PW2184 (radiography tube)	90 kV/1 mm Al	33.0 (Iopromide)	26.7^a,d	36.5^a,d		37
			2.5 h				10.6^a,d	18.6^a,d		75
			5 h				5.9^a,d	8.4^a,d		42
	Fibroblast γ-H2AX	1500	30 min		90 kV/1 mm Al	33.0 (Iomeprol)	26.7^a,d	37.2^a,d		39
			2.5 h				10.6^a,d	16.9^a,d		59
			5 h				5.9^a,d	8.4^a,d		42
	Fibroblast 53bp1	1500	30 min		90 kV/1 mm Al	33.0 (Iopromide)	26.5^a,d	34.8^a,d		31
			2.5 h				10.9^a,d	17.2^a,d		58
			5 h				5.9^a,d	9.5^a,d		61
	Fibroblast 53bp1	1500	30 min		90 kV/1 mm Al	33.0 (Iomeprol)	26.5^a,d	35.9^a,d		36
			2.5 h				10.9^a,d	17.2^a,d		58
			5 h				5.9^a,d	10.2^a,d		73
Pathe (2011)	Lymphocyte γ-H2AX	0	Immediate	n/a	n/a	37.0^c (Iopromide 370)	0.18	0.12	−33
			30 min				0.05	0.10	100
			1 h				0.04	0.11	175
			2 h				0.05	0.10	100
			24 h				0.08	0.03	−63
		20	Immediate	Siemens Multix M (radiography)	102 kV		0.55	1.29	135	216
			30 min				0.63	1.23	95	95
			1 h				0.51	0.9	76	68
			2 h				0.53	0.81	53	48
			24 h				0.28	0.3	7	35
		100	Immediate		102 kV		1.57	2.98	90	106
			30 min				1.92	3.18	66	65
			1 h				1.50	2.39	59	56
			2 h				1.05	2.11	101	101
			24 h				0.42	0.36	−14	−3
		200	Immediate		102 kV		3.73	4.31	16	18
			30 min				3.24	4.79	48	47
			1 h				2.38	3.38	42	40
			2 h				2.37	2.59	9	7
			24 h				0.52	0.36	−31	−25
		1000	Immediate		102 kV		6.10	9.09	49	52
			30 min				6.32	8.49	34	34
			1 h				4.65	5.94	28	26
			2 h				4.56	5.01	10	9
			24 h				1.26	1.99	58	66
Beels (2012)	Lymphocyte γ-H2AX	5		Philips MG420 generator, MCN420 tube	100 kV/2 mm Al	5.0	0.73^d	0.71^d	−4^d
						10.0	0.73^d	0.80^d	9^d
						20.0	0.73^d	0.70^d	−5^d
		10				5.0	0.96^d	1.13^d	16^d
						10.0	0.96^d	0.89^d	−8^d
						20.0	0.96^d	0.89^d	−8^d
		50				5.0	1.41^d	1.51^d	6^d
						10.0	1.41^d	1.55^d	9^d
						20.0	1.41^d	1.51^d	6^d
Deinzer (2014)	Lymphocyte γ-H2AX	20		Siemens Axiom Multix MT	102 kV	7.5	0.240	0.313^b	30
		20				15.0	0.240	0.379^b	58
		500				7.5	3.581	3.956^b	10
		500				15.0	3.581	4.926^b	38
Gould (2015)	Lymphocyte γ-H2AX	70		Carestream DRX-Evolution (radiography)	120 kV	15.0			44
						17.5			82
						30.0			89
						35.0			111
						45.0			89
						52.5			99
Gould (2015)	Lymphocyte γ-H2AX	140		Carestream DRX-Evolution (radiography)	120 kV	15.0			42
						17.5			50
						30.0			75
						35.0			64
						45.0			86
						52.5			76
		250			120 kV	15.0			14
						17.5			31
						30.0			35
						35.0			35
						45.0			49
						52.5			49
		450			120 kV	15.0			11
						17.5			36
						30.0			25
						35.0			48
						45.0			33
						52.5			59

Foci numbers in excess of baseline levels.

Mean of 7 contrast media products.

Calculated by current authors based on data quoted in original paper.

Data not quoted numerically. Read from figure(s).