Table 2.
Neuropsychological performance for the three groups
| Model (task ∼ age + education + group) |
Predictor (beta and P-values) |
Post hoc t-tests (t and P-values) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Task | R2 (P-value) | Age | Education | Group 2 (AC) | Group 3 (FAD) | HC versus AC | HC versus FAD | AC versus FAD | |||
| PAL | 0.47 (<0.001) | −0.2 (0.108) | 0.2 (0.130) | −0.2 (0.438) | −9.6 (<0.001) | 0.8 (0.72) | −4.4 (<0.001) | 3.3 (0.005) | |||
| Complex Rey Figure – copy | 0.30 (<0.001) | −0.2 (0.221) | 0.2 (0.159) | −0.02 (0.939) | −7.0 (0.011) | 0.08 (0.997) | 2.7 (0.03) | 2.3 (0.06) | |||
| Complex Rey Figure – recall | 0.55 (<0.001) | −0.01 (0.953) | 0.2 (0.090) | 0.07 (0.686) | −1.19 (<0.001) | −0.4 (0.913) | 5.6 (<0.001) | 5.3 (<0.001) | |||
| Letter fluency (FAS) | 0.09 (0.068) | − | − | − | − | – | – | – | |||
| Animal fluency | 0.32 (<0.001) | 0.3 (0.059) | 0.3 (0.036) | 0.3 (0.209) | −9.0 (0.001) | −1.3 (0.417) | 3.5 (0.003) | 4.1 (<0.001) | |||
| Boston naming test | 0.35 (<0.001) | 0.2 (0.105) | 0.3 (0.04) | 0.2 (0.475) | −10.0 (<0.001) | −0.7 (0.753) | 3.9 (<0.001) | 4.1 (<0.001) | |||
| Word list – immediate recall | 0.45 (<0.001) | <0.01 (1.000) | 0.02 (0.847) | 0.1 (0.493) | −12.1 (<0.001) | −0.7 (0.771) | 5.2 (<0.001) | 5.2 (<0.001) | |||
| Word list – delayed recall | 0.63 (<0.001) | 0.1 (0.449) | −0.01 (0.913) | −0.04 (0.830) | −15.6 (<0.001) | 0.2 (0.975) | 8.2 (<0.001) | 7.2 (<0.001) | |||
| Word list recognition | 0.54 (<0.001) | −0.1 (0.593) | −0.1 (0.423) | −0.01 (0.960) | −13.5 (<0.001) | 0.05 (0.999) | 6.3 (<0.001) | 5.6 (<0.001) | |||
| Trail Making Test A | 0.38 (<0.001) | 0.3 (0.059) | −0.2 (0.047) | 0.1 (0.827) | 6.39 (0.009) | −0.2 (0.974) | −2.7 (0.025) | −2.1 (0.093) | |||
| WCST number of categories | 0.24 (0.002) | 0.1 (0.320) | 0.2 (0.164) | 0.5 (0.030) | −6.3 (0.035) | −2.2 (0.075) | 2.2 (0.087) | 3.6 (0.002) | |||
| WCST attempt to category | −0.07 (0.967) | − | − | − | − | – | – | – | |||
| Conditions of the VSTM Binding Task | |||||||||||
| Shape only | 0.57 (<0.001) | −0.2 (0.077) | 0.04 (0.697) | −0.3 (0.062) | −13.7 (<0.001) | 1.9 (0.147) | 6.4 (<0.001) | 4.3 (<0.001) | |||
| Colour only | 0.37 (<0.001) | −0.1 (0.333) | 0.07 (0.529) | −0.2 (0.281) | −11.0 (<0.001) | 1.1 (0.525) | 4.3 (<0.001) | 3.0 (0.01) | |||
| Shape-colour binding | 0.42 (<0.001) | −0.1 (0.458) | 0.1 (0.242) | −0.68 (0.001) | −12.6 (<0.001) | 3.5 (0.003) | 5.0 (<0.001) | 2.0 (0.133) | |||
AC = asymptomatic carriers; FAD = familial Alzheimer’s disease; HC = healthy controls; WCST = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Significant. (P < 0.05) tests highlighted in bold. Beta values shown are standardized P-values for R2 are FDR-corrected.