Table 2.
Means (Standard Deviations) and Proportions by Gender Among Older Persons who are Married, Cohabiting, or in a Romantic Relationship, DUST 2013
| Total | Male | Female | Sig. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disablement | ||||
| Any disability | 43.1 | 43.9 | 42.2 | |
| Severity of impairments | ||||
| Quartile 1 (lowest) | 30.0 | 33.2 | 26.3 | |
| Quartile 2 | 24.6 | 24.9 | 24.1 | |
| Quartile 3 | 28.1 | 27.2 | 29.1 | |
| Quartile 4 (highest) | 17.4 | 14.6 | 20.5 | |
| Duration of limiting condition (years) | 2.0 (4.2) | 1.7 (3.8) | 2.3 (4.7) | ** |
| Marital/Romantic Relationship Quality | ||||
| Overall relationship quality (Range: 0-4) | 3.2 (0.6) | 3.2 (0.5) | 3.1 (0.6) | ** |
| Support | 3.5 (0.6) | 3.6 (0.5) | 3.4 (0.6) | ** |
| Strain | 2.2 (0.7) | 2.1 (0.7) | 2.2 (0.7) | ** |
| Psychosocial Resources | ||||
| Neuroticism (Range: 0-3) | 1.1 (0.7) | 1.0 (0.7) | 1.3 (0.7) | ** |
| Agreeableness (Range: 0-3) | 2.5 (0.5) | 2.4 (0.5) | 2.6 (0.4) | ** |
| Family relationship quality (Range: 0-4) | 3.3 (0.6) | 3.3 (0.6) | 3.4 (0.6) | * |
| Demographic Characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||
| 60-64 | 34.7 | 31.3 | 38.4 | * |
| 65-69 | 27.1 | 27.2 | 27.0 | |
| 70-74 | 15.6 | 14.7 | 16.8 | |
| 75-79 | 11.1 | 13.2 | 8.8 | |
| 80+ | 11.5 | 13.6 | 9.0 | |
| Black (vs. not black) | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.5 | |
| Cohabiting/romantic partner (vs. married) | 9.3 | 9.0 | 9.7 | |
| Number of living adult children | 2.8 (1.7) | 2.8 (1.6) | 2.8 (1.7) | |
| Socioeconomic Status | ||||
| Education | ||||
| < 12 years | 8.9 | 9.6 | 8.2 | ** |
| 12 years | 28.7 | 22.2 | 36.0 | |
| >12 years | 62.4 | 68.2 | 55.8 | |
| Family Income, 2012 | ||||
| 1st quartile (lowest) | 14.5 | 13.4 | 15.7 | |
| 2nd quartile | 25.7 | 25.0 | 26.6 | |
| 3rd quartile | 28.0 | 28.3 | 27.7 | |
| 4th quartile | 31.8 | 33.4 | 30.0 | |
| Wealth, 2013 | 31.8 | 33.4 | 30.0 | |
| 1st quartile (lowest) | 17.6 | 16.6 | 18.7 | |
| 2nd quartile | 22.6 | 23.2 | 21.9 | |
| 3rd quartile | 29.0 | 29.1 | 28.8 | |
| 4th quartile | 30.9 | 31.1 | 30.6 | |
| Activity Characteristics | ||||
| Activity type – activities done yesterday | ||||
| Work for pay | 8.8 | 12.0 | 5.7 | ** |
| Volunteer | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.4 | |
| Care for others | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.8 | |
| Socialize | 5.1 | 3.9 | 6.2 | ** |
| Exercise | 2.8 | 3.2 | 2.5 | |
| Go out for pleasure | 2.7 | 3.1 | 2.4 | |
| Laundry | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.7 | ** |
| Household chores | 7.6 | 8.4 | 6.9 | |
| Prepared food | 8.3 | 4.7 | 11.7 | ** |
| Financial management | 2.1 | 1.7 | 2.4 | |
| Shopping/errands | 9.1 | 8.2 | 10.0 | |
| With whom activity was performed | ||||
| Alone or N/A | 57.2 | 57.2 | 57.2 | ** |
| With spouse | 30.7 | 32.9 | 28.5 | |
| With others | 12.2 | 10.0 | 14.3 | |
| Activity done at home (vs. other places) | 53.9 | 48.8 | 58.8 | ** |
| Yesterday was typical (vs. not) | 64.0 | 68.0 | 60.2 | ** |
Note: t-tests were conducted for continuous measures and χ2 tests for categorical measures. In correcting for survey design, Stata converts the χ2 test of independence into an F-test. Statistically significant gender differences denoted as:
*
p < .05 and
**
p < .01. Sample size for activity reports is 6601 activities from 1162 respondents.