eTable 3. Methodological quality of included systematic reviews.

Citation	1. Was an ‘a priori’ design provided?	2. Was there duplicate study selection and data extraction by two independent reviewers?	3. Was a comprehensive and systematic literature search performed?	4. Were unpublished study data as well as grey literature appropriately considered?	5. Was a list of studies (included and excluded) provided?	6. Were the characteristics (patient characteristics. interventions outcomes) of the included studies_provided?	7. Was the scientific quality of the included studies assessed and documented?	8. Was the scientific quality of the included studies used appropriately in formulating conclusions?	9. Were the methods appropriate that were used to combine the findings of studies?	10. Was the likelihood of publication bias assessed?	11. Was the conflict of interest included?
Abdullatif (2016) (e11)	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Ahrens (2011) (e12)	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No *2	No	No	NA	No	No
Bartolucci (2016) (e13)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Bratton (2015) (e14)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Bridgman (2000) (e15)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	NA	No	No
Caldas (2009) (e16)	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	NA	No	No
Camacho (2015) (e17)	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Caples (2010) (e18)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Carvalho (2007. 2016) (e19, e20)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	NA	Yes	No
Health Quality Ontario (2009) (e21)	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Hoekema (2004) (e22)	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Holty (2010) (e23)	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Hsieh and Liao (2013) (e24)	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	NA	No	No
Huynh (2016) (e25)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No *3	Yes	No	No	No
Knudsen (2015) (e26)	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Li (2013) (e27)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Lim (2004) (e28)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No
Machado-Júnior (2016) (e29)	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Marcus (2012) (e30)	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	n.a.	No	No
Marklund (2012) (e31)	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	n.a.	No	No
Nazarali (2015) (e32)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Okuno (2014) (e33)	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Pirklbauer (2011) (e34)	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	n.a.	No	No
Ramar (2015) (e35)	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Serra-Torres (2016) (e36)	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	n.a.	No	No
Sharples (2016) (e37)	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Sher (1996) (e38) *1	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	n.a.	No	No
Zaghi (2016) (e39)	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No *4	No
Zhu (2015) (e40)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No

NA. not applicable.

*¹ Data extracted only on MMA

*² Dead link

*³ Inappropriate tool

*⁴ Funnel-like plot provided. but no statistical confirmation