Table 4. Mutational status of the KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and TP53 genes and their association with other clinical, biological and histopathological features of sporadic colorectal cancer (sCRC) patients (n=87).
| Variable | Categories | N. of Cases (%) | KRAS Mutation (%) | P-value | NRAS Mutation (%) | P-value | BRAF Mutation (%) | P-value | TP53 Mutation (%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | < 72 | 43 (49) | 14 (33) | NS | 1 (2) | NS | 2 (5) | NS | 18 (42) | NS |
| ≥ 72 | 44 (51) | 10 (23) | 0 (0) | 4 (9) | 11 (25) | |||||
| Gender | Male | 51 (59) | 12 (24) | NS | 1 (2) | NS | 3 (6) | NS | 21 (41) | 0.05 |
| Female | 36 (41) | 12 (33) | 0 (0) | 3 (8) | 8 (22) | |||||
| Site of primary tumor | Right Colon | 44 (51) | 17 (39) | 1 (2) | 5 (11) | 14 (32) | ||||
| Left Colon | 39 (45) | 7 (18) | 0.05 | 0 (0) | NS | 1 (3) | NS | 15 (38) | NS | |
| Rectum | 4 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||||
| Histological type | Adenocarcinoma | 80 (92) | 24 (30) | 1 (1) | 5 (6) | 27 (44) | ||||
| Signet ring cell carcinoma | 4 (5) | 0 (0) | NS | 0 (0) | NS | 0 (0) | NS | 1 (25) | NS | |
| Mucinous | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 1 (50) | |||||
| adenocarcinoma | ||||||||||
| Neuroendocrine tumor | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||||
| Grade of differentiation | Well | 24 (30) | 12 (50) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 11 (46) | ||||
| Moderadate | 49 (61) | 10 (20) | 0.04 | 1 (2) | NS | 3 (6) | 0.02 | 13 (27) | NS | |
| Poor | 7 (9) | 2 (29) | 0 (0) | 2 (29) | 3 (43) | |||||
| TNM Stage at diagnosis | 0 | 3 (3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||||
| I | 16 (19) | 5 (31) | 0 (0) | 2 (0) | 5 (31) | |||||
| II | 27 (31) | 11 (41) | NS | 1 (4) | NS | 0 (0) | NS | 8 (30) | NS | |
| III | 35 (40) | 7 (20) | 0 (0) | 3 (9) | 13 (37) | |||||
| IV | 6 (7) | 1 (17) | 0 (0) | 1 (17) | 3 (50) | |||||
| pN | N0 | 46 (53) | 16 (35) | 1 (2) | 2 (4) | 13 (28) | ||||
| N1 | 25 (29) | 5 (20) | NS | 0 (0) | NS | 3 (12) | NS | 9 (36) | NS | |
| N2 | 16 (18) | 3 (19) | 0 (0) | 1 (16) | 7 (44) | |||||
| Metastases | No | 68 (78) | 21 (31) | NS | 1 (2) | NS | 3 (16) | NS | 23 (34) | NS |
| Yes | 19 (22) | 3 (16) | 0 (0) | 3 (4) | 6 (32) | |||||
| Peritoneal carcinomatosis | No | 80 (91) | 23 (29) | NS | 1 (1) | NS | 3 (4) | 0.006 | 27 (34) | NS |
| Yes | 7 (9) | 1 (14) | 0 (0) | 3 (43) | 2 (29) | |||||
| Tumor size | <4 cm | 39 (40) | 9 (23) | NS | 1 (2) | NS | 2 (5) | NS | 13 (33) | NS |
| ≥4 cm | 48 (60) | 15 (31) | 0 (0) | 4 (9) | 16 (34) | |||||
| CEA serum levels | ≤5 ng/ml | 50 (40) | 13 (26) | NS | 0 (0) | NS | 4 (8) | NS | 19 (38) | NS |
| >5 ng/ml | 31 (60) | 10 (32) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | 8 (26) | |||||
| Lymphovascular Invasion | No | 68 (78) | 22 (32) | 0.05 | 1 (2) | NS | 4 (6) | NS | 22 (32) | |
| Yes | 19 (22) | 2 (11) | 0 (0) | 2 (11) | 7 (37) | NS | ||||
| Perineural Invasion | No | 65 (75) | 21 (32) | NS | 0 (0) | NS | 4 (6) | NS | 19 (29) | NS |
| Yes | 22 (25) | 3 (14) | 1 (5) | 2 (9) | 10 (46) | |||||
| Microsatellite instability | No | 48 (89) | 16 (33) | NS | 0 (0) | NS | 2 (4) | 0.007 | 21 (44) | NS |
| Yes | 6 (11) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (50) | 1 (17) | |||||
| Adjuvant therapy | No | 42 (55) | 16 (38) | NS | 1 (2) | NS | 3 (7) | NS | 13 (31) | NS |
| Yes | 34 (45) | 7 (21) | 0 (0) | 2 (6) | 13 (38) |
*Results expressed as median (range) or as #number of cases (percentage); NS: statistically no significant differences detected (p >.05); CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen.