Table 1. Baseline characteristics of study subjects.
| Head and neck + Esophagus | Head and neck | Esophagus | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case (%) | Control (%) | P value | Case (%) | Control (%) | P value | Case (%) | Control (%) | P value | |||
| All male + female) | 1028 | 3081 | 0.83 | All (male + female) | 595 | 1,785 | 0.87 | All (male + female) | 433 | 1,296 | 0.89 |
| male | 826 (80.4) | 2,466 (80.0) | male | 450 (75.6) | 1,344 (75.3) | male | 376 (86.8) | 1,122 (86.6) | |||
| female | 202 (19.7) | 615 (20.0) | female | 145 (24.4) | 441 (24.7) | female | 57 (13.2) | 174 (13.4) | |||
| Age (mean, SD) | (60, 10.9) | (60, 10.8) | 0.73 | Age (mean, SD) | (60, 10.9) | (60, 10.8) | 0.99 | Age (mean, SD) | (60,10.9) | (60, 10.8) | 0.62 |
| <40 | 56 (5.5) | 171 (5.6) | <40 | 53 (8.9) | 164 (9.2) | <40 | 3 (0.7) | 7 (0.5) | |||
| 40-49 | 89 (8.7) | 276 (9.0) | 40-49 | 69 (11.6) | 209 (11.7) | 40-49 | 20 (4.6) | 67 (5.2) | |||
| 50-59 | 306 (29.8) | 907 (29.4) | 50-59 | 173 (29.1) | 514 (28.8) | 50-59 | 133 (30.7) | 393 (30.3) | |||
| 60-69 | 364 (35.4) | 1,144 (37.1) | 60-69 | 184 (30.9) | 565 (31.7) | 60-69 | 180 (41.6) | 579 (44.7) | |||
| ≥70 | 213 (20.7) | 583 (18.9) | ≥70 | 116 (19.5) | 333 (18.7) | ≥70 | 97 (22.4) | 250 (19.3) | |||
| Smoking | <0.001 | Smoking | <0.001 | Smoking | <0.001 | ||||||
| Non | 201 (19.6) | 1,135 (36.8) | Non | 152 (25.6) | 697 (39.1) | Non | 49 (11.3) | 438 (33.8) | |||
| Low-Modarate | 122 (11.9) | 548 (17.8) | Low-Modarate | 84 (14.1) | 345 (19.3) | Low-Modarate | 38 (8.8) | 203 (15.7) | |||
| High-Moderate | 276 (26.9) | 636 (20.6) | High-Moderate | 144 (24.2) | 344 (19.3) | High-Moderate | 132 (30.5) | 292 (22.5) | |||
| Heavy | 413 (40.2) | 730 (23.7) | Heavy | 204 (34.3) | 385 (21.6) | Heavy | 209 (48.3) | 345 (26.6) | |||
| Unknown | 16 (1.6) | 32 (1.0) | Unknown | 11 (1.9) | 14 (0.8) | Unknown | 5 (1.2) | 18 (1.4) | |||
| Alcohol consumption | <0.001 | Alcohol consumption | <0.001 | Alcohol consumption | |||||||
| Non | 199 (19.4) | 1,019 (33.1) | Non | 159 (26.7) | 638 (35.7) | Non | 40 (9.2) | 381 (29.4) | |||
| Moderate | 176 (17.1) | 848 (27.5) | Moderate | 121 (20.3) | 475 (26.6) | Moderate | 55 (12.7) | 373 (28.8) | |||
| 1-2 go×5/week | 229 (22.3) | 711 (23.1) | 1-2 go×5/week | 123 (20.7) | 392 (22.0) | 1-2 go×5/week | 106 (24.5) | 319 (24.6) | |||
| >1-2 go×5/week | 401 (39.0) | 467 (15.2) | >1-2 go×5/week | 175 (29.4) | 264 (14.8) | >1-2 go×5/week | 226 (52.2) | 203 (15.7) | |||
| Unknown | 23 (2.2) | 36 (1.2) | Unknown | 17 (2.9) | 16 (0.9) | Unknown | 6 (1.4) | 20 (1.5) | |||
| Flushing phenotype | <0.001 | Flushing phenotype | <0.001 | Flushing phenotype | |||||||
| Yes | 443 (43.1) | 1,555 (59.5) | Yes | 263 (44.2) | 900 (50.4) | Yes | 180 (41.6) | 655 (50.5) | |||
| No | 544 (52.9) | 1,455 (47.2) | No | 302 (50.8) | 843 (47.2) | No | 242 (55.9) | 612 (47.2) | |||
| Unknown | 41 (4.0) | 71 (2.3) | Unknown | 30 (5.0) | 42 (2.4) | Unknown | 11 (2.5) | 29 (2.2) | |||
| Teeth | <0.001 | Teeth | <0.001 | Teeth | <0.001 | ||||||
| 0 | 79 (7.7) | 121 (3.9) | 0 | 43 (7.2) | 78 (4.4) | 0 | 79 (7.7) | 121 (3.9) | |||
| 1-8 | 199 (19.4) | 374 (12.1) | 1-8 | 111 (18.7) | 193 (10.8) | 1-8 | 199 (19.4) | 374 (12.1) | |||
| 9-20 | 309 (30.1) | 879 (28.5) | 9-20 | 168 (28.2) | 499 (28.0) | 9-20 | 309 (30.1) | 879 (28.5) | |||
| ≥21 | 427 (41.5) | 1,673 (54.3) | ≥21 | 264 (44.4) | 991 (55.5) | ≥21 | 427 (41.5) | 1,673 (54.3) | |||
| Unknown | 14 (1.4) | 34 (1.1) | Unknown | 9 (1.5) | 24 (1.3) | Unknown | 14 (1.4) | 34 (1.1) | |||
| Occupation group | <0.001 | Occupation group | <0.001 | Occupation group | <0.001 | ||||||
| Blue collar | 381 (37.1) | 841 (27.3) | Blue collar | 221 (37.1) | 512 (28.7) | Blue collar | 160 (37.0) | 329 (25.4) | |||
| White collar | 217 (21.1) | 917 (29.8) | White collar | 131 (22.0) | 529 (29.6) | White collar | 86 (19.9) | 388 (29.9) | |||
| Other | 417 (40.6) | 1,272 (41.3) | Other | 235 (39.5) | 719 (40.3) | Other | 182 (42.0) | 553 (42.7) | |||
| Unknown | 13 (1.3) | 51 (1.7) | Unknown | 8 (1.3) | 25 (1.4) | Unknown | 5 (1.2) | 26 (2.0) | |||
| Subsite | 1.00 | Subsite | Subsite | ||||||||
| Head and neck cancer | |||||||||||
| Oral cavity | 255 (24.8) | 762 (24.7) | |||||||||
| Nasopharynx | 50 (4.9) | 153 (5.0) | |||||||||
| Oropharynx | 72 (7.0) | 214 (7.0) | |||||||||
| Hypopharynx | 80 (7.8) | 240 (7.8) | |||||||||
| Larynx | 92 (9.0) | 275 (8.9) | |||||||||
| Salivary gland | 23 (2.2) | 72 (2.3) | |||||||||
| Other HNC | 23 (2.2) | 69 (2.2) | |||||||||
| Esophagus | 433 (42.1) | 1,296 (42.1) | |||||||||