Table 1.

Application of Antioxidants in Animal Models of Glaucoma

Antioxidants	Administration	Effects in animal models	Reference
Vitamin B3	Oral	Prevented RGC death and axon loss, and protected mitochondrial intact in DBA/2J mice with elevated IOP.	Williams et al.91
CoQ10	Oral	Promoted RGC survival and attenuated axon loss in DBA/2J mice and C57BL/6 mice, and rats with retinal ischemia. Normalized the expression of genes and proteins associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis.	Lee et al.,92,93 Nucci et al.,94 Russo et al.95
Ghrelin	Intraperitoneal injection	Less cell apoptosis in IOP-elevated rats treated with ghrelin.	Can et al.96
Lycium barbarum	Oral	Attenuated RGC loss and decreased retina damages in rats with optic nerve transection and mice with elevated IOP.	Li et al.,97 Mi et al.98
α-Lipoic acid	Oral	Reduction of RGC death and decreased oxidative genes and proteins in DBA/2J mice.	Inman et al.,99 Razali et al.100
Resveratrol and flavonoids	Eye drop/oral/Intraperitoneal injection	Lowered steroid-induced IOP, reduced oxidative stress-mediated damages, attenuate RGC loss in rats and mice in IOP-elevated and optic nerve crush models.	Pirhan et al.,101 Lindsey et al.,102 Razali et al.103

IOP, intraocular pressure; RGC, retinal ganglion cell.