. 2017 Winter;16(Suppl):46–57.

Table 1.

Biological activities of the tested extracts, fractions and subfractions of Passiflora caerulea L. leaves and reference drugs in experimental animals (n=6)

Anticonvulsant activity
Group of animals			Dose mg/kg b.wt		Volts induced seizures Mean ± S.E.				% Protection			Relative Potency
Control			1ml saline		2.4±0.1				--			--
Carbamazepine			100		11.7±0.9^*				387.5%			1
Aqueous extract			100		7.9±0.3^*				229.1%			0.6
Ethanol extract			100		8.3±0.4^*				245.8%			0.63
Fractions of ethanol extract		n-Hexane fraction	100		3.3±0.1^*				37.5%			0.1
		Chloroform fraction	100		3.4±0.1^*				41.6%			0.1
		Ethyl acetate fraction	100		7.4±0.2^*				208.3%			0.5
		n-Butanol fraction	100		7.1±0.1^*				195.8%			0.5
Subfractions of ethyl acetate fraction		Subfraction A	20		4.2±0.1^*				75%			0.19
		Subfraction B	20		3.9±0.1^*				62.5%			0.16
		Subfraction C	20		4.1±0.2^*				70.8%			0.18
		Subfraction D	20		4.9±0.1^*				104%			0.26
Analgesic activity
Group of animals			Dose mg/kg b.wt.		Number of abdominal Constriction				% inhibition			Relative potency
Control			1 ml saline		47.6±1.3				--			--
Indomethacin			20		18.4±0.3^*				61.3%			1
Aqueous extract			100		29.5±0.7^*				38%			0.6
Ethanol extract			100		26.4±0.5^*				44.1%			0.7
Fractions of ethanol extract		n-Hexane fraction	100		39.2±1.2^*				17.6%			0.28
		Chloroform fraction	100		41.3±1.3^*				13.2%			0.21
		Ethyl acetate fraction	100		24.2±0.4^*				49.1%			0.8
		n-Butanol fraction	100		27.5±1.7^*				42.2%			0.68
Antioxidant activity
Group of animals			Dose mg/kg b.wt		Blood glutathione (mg %)				% of change			Relative Potency
Control			1 ml saline		36.3±1.4				--			--
Diabetic					21.4±0.3^*				--			--
Diabetic + Vitamin E			7.5		35.9±1.1^*				67.7			1
Diabetic + aqueous extract			100		34.6±0.8^*				61.6			0.9
Diabetic + ethanol extract			100		35.1±0.9^*				64			0.9
Fractions of ethanol extract	Diabetic + n-hexane fraction		100		28.2±0.7^*				31.7			0.46
	Diabetic + chloroform fraction		100		26.3±0.4^*				22.8			0.33
	Diabetic +ethyl acetate fraction		100		35.4±1.2				65.4			0.96
	Diabetic+ n-butanol fraction		100		32.9±0.6				53.7			0.8
Acute anti inflammatory activity
Group of animals				Dose in mg/kg.b.wt.		% Oedema
Group of animals				Dose in mg/kg.b.wt.		Mean ± S.E.			% of change			Relative Potency
Control				1 ml saline		61.8±1.7			--			--
Indomethacin				20		21.4±0.6^*			65.3			1
Aqueous extract				100		29.8±0.7^*			51.7			0.8
Ethanol extract				100		24.9±0.4^*			59.7			0.9
Fractions of ethanol extract		n-Hexane fraction		100		45.6±1.2^*			26.2			0.4
		Chloroform fraction		100		49.2±1.4^*			20.3			0.3
		Ethyl acetate fraction		100		27.6±0.3^*			55.3			0.84
		n-Butanol fraction		100		32.4±1.8^*			47.5			0.7
Antipyretic activity
Group of animals				Dose in mg/gm b.wt.		Induced rise in temperature	Body temperature change
							One hour			Two hours			Relative Potency
							Mean ±S.E	% of change		Mean ±S.E	% of change		Relative Potency
Control				1 ml saline		38.9±0.3	39.1±0.4			39.4±0.5	--		--
Paracetamol				20		39.4±0.3	37.8±0.1^*	3.3		36.9±0.1^*	6.3		1
Aqueous extract				100		39.4±0.4	38.7±0.3^*	1.02		37.9±0.1^*	3.8		0.6
Ethanol extract				100		39.3±0.5	38.5±0.2^*	1.5		37.6±0.1^*	4.5		0.71
Fractions of ethanol extract		n-Hexane fraction		100		39.2±0.3	38.6±0.4^*	1.27		38.2±0.2^*	3		0.47
		Chloroform fraction		100		39.5±0.4	39.1±0.3^*	--		38.7±0.2^*	1.7		0.26
		Ethyl acetate fraction		100		39.1±0.4	38.2±0.2^*	2.3		37.8±0.1^*	4		0.63
		n-Butanol fraction		100		39.2±0.2	38.1±0.2^*	2.5		37.8±0.1^*	4		0.63

Statistically significant different from control group at p <0.01