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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 20.
Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2017 Dec 29;116:1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.034

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Hyperpolarization 13C MRI analysis to detect the tumoricidal effects of NIR PIT. (A) Proposed scheme of enzymatic reactions in tumor cells before and after NIR PIT. (B) Dynamic spectra of untreated A431 tumors (top, n = 3) and NIR PIT-treated A431 tumors (bottom, n = 4) after hyperpolarized [1,4-13C2] fumarate injection. A malate signal is detected only in NIR PIT-treated tumors. Scatter plots for both fumarate and malate signals are shown at right. (C) Plot of malate to fumarate ratio for untreated (black) and NIR PIT-treated (red) A431 tumor cells. (D) Trend of serum FH activity after NIR PIT in A431 tumor cells, normalized to the untreated control group (n = 3). (E) Dynamic spectra of untreated (top, n = 4) and NIR PIT-treated (bottom, n = 3) A431 tumors after [1-13C] pyruvate injection. Scatter plots for the pyruvate and lactate signals (middle) and the lactate to pyruvate ratio (right) are shown.