Table 2.

Multivariable logistic regression results of the association between household economic status and adherence

	ART adherence
Variables	Patient assessment						Pharmacy information
	VAS			MPR ≥ 95%			MPR ≥ 90%			MPR ≥ 80%

	OR	p	95% CI	OR	p	95% CI	OR	p	95% CI	OR	P	95% CI

Indicators of household economic status
Occupation (reference = farming)	0.20	0.08	0.03, 1.20	0.65	0.61	0.12, 3.39	0.75	0.77	0.10, 5.32	0.96	0.97	0.10, 9.10
Household income¹	0.95	0.89	0.46, 1.95	0.90	0.76	0.48, 1.70	0.94	0.86	0.48, 1.85	1.04	0.92	0.50, 2.13
Landownership (reference = did not own)	0.18	0.19	0.01, 2.30	0.15	0.13	0.01, 1.73	0.26	0.31	0.02, 3.54	0.65	0.75	0.04, 9.72
Transportation asset index	0.12	0.02	0.02, 0.75	0.53	0.46	0.10, 2.78	0.53	0.49	0.09, 3.26	0.32	0.24	0.04, 2.18
Livestock ownership index	1.24	0.08	0.97, 1.59	0.99	0.95	0.81, 1.22	0.95	0.62	0.76, 1.18	0.97	0.82	0.77, 1.23
Debt (reference = did not owe money)	0.80	0.76	0.20, 3.26	0.33	0.09	0.10, 1.17	0.43	0.23	0.11, 1.69	0.60	0.48	0.14, 2.58
Food insecurity	1.00	0.95	0.92, 1.08	0.97	0.45	0.90, 1.04	0.97	0.40	0.90, 1.04	0.98	0.69	0.91, 1.07
Other covariates
Gender (reference = female)	0.78	0.67	0.24, 2.46	1.12	0.82	0.42, 3.00	2.09	0.18	0.72, 6.11	2.20	0.18	0.70, 6.93
Health perception¹	2.03	0.05	0.99, 4.18	1.06	0.83	0.60, 1.90	1.14	0.68	0.61, 2.13	1.43	0.28	0.74, 2.76
Place of residence (reference = Lundazi)	0.18	0.05	0.03, 0.99	0.21	0.03	0.05, 0.87	0.11	0.01	0.02, 0.56	0.09	0.01	0.02, 0.54

VAS = visual analogue scale; MPR = medication possession ration; OR (SE) = odds ratio (standard error), two-tailed tests

For these analyses, we treated income and health perception as interval variables. Please refer to the Analysis section for more details