Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Study ID | Language | Mean age (T/C) | Gender (Male/Female) | *Included criteria | Hypertension grades | Intervention | No. of patients evaluated | Course | #Outcome | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment | Control | Treatment | Control | ||||||||
| Chen BG et al., 2006 | Chinese | 54.75±7.12/51.7210.38 | 41/19 | 1 | 1, 2 | AC (30 mins a day) | Metroprolol (100 mg per day) | 30 | 30 | 4 weeks | 1, 2, 3 |
| Chen J et al., 2010 | Chinese | 48.2±7.2/50.5± 8.4 | 31/29 | 1 | 1 | AC (30 mins a day) plus felodipine (5 mg per day) | Felodipine (5 mg per day) | 30 | 30 | 15 days | 3 |
| Chen NY et al., 2010 | Chinese | 61.3±8.0/62.0± 7.1 | 41/39 | 1 | Not reported | AC (30 mins a day) | Diovan (80 mg per day) | 40 | 40 | 30 days | 1, 3, 4 |
| Chen Q et al., 2011 | Chinese | 59±8/59± 8 | 29/31 | 1 | 1, 2 | AC (30 mins a day) | Metroprolol (100 mg per day) | 30 | 30 | 30 days | 3 |
| Chen YF et al., 2000 | Chinese | 63.57±8.08/65.20± 8.86 | 38/32 | 1 | 2 | AC (30 mins a day) | Nifedipine (10–20 mg tid) | 35 | 35 | 2 weeks | 1, 3 |
| Choi WJ et al., 2015 | English | 48.04±6.13/46.20±9.26 | Not reported | 1 | Not reported | AC (20 mins every treatment, 4 times totally) | SA | 25 | 25 | 2 weeks | 2, 4 |
| Cui JK et al., 2013 | English | 56.7±8.9/54.7±8.1 | 55/37 | 1 | Not reported | AC (once a day except Sunday) plus irbesartan | Irbesartan (150 mg per day) | 46 | 46 | 4 weeks | 3, 4 |
| Flachskampf FA et al., 2007 | English | 58.8±8.2/58.0±7.9 | 66/74 | 1 | 1, 2 | AC (30 mins; 22 sessions) | SA | 83 | 77 | 6 weeks | 1, 2, 4 |
| Huang F et al., 2007 | Chinese | 56.51±6.28/58.12±6.15 | 27/33 | 1 | 1, 2 | AC (30 mins a day) plus captopril (25 mg tid) | Captopril (25 mg tid) | 30 | 30 | 4 weeks | 1, 3 |
| Kim HM et al., 2012 | English | 52.08±8.69/52.38±10.3 | 16/12 | 1 | 1 | AC (20 mins, twice a week) | SA | 12 | 16 | 8 weeks | 1, 2 |
| Liu Y et al., 2015 | English | 49.4±8.4/53.4±8.2 | 7/24 | 2 | 1,2 | AC (30 mins, twice a week) | No treatment | 15 | 15 | 8 weeks | 2 |
| Luo H et al., 2015 | Chinese | 45–75 (range) | 66/34 | 1 | 2 | AC (30 mins a day) plus felodipine (5mg) | Felodipine (5 mg) | 44 | 46 | 20 days | 1, 3 |
| Ma ZY et al., 2011 | Chinese | 66.39±5.47/64.58±7.13 | 47/33 | 1 | 1,2 | EA (10 mins a day) | Nicardipine (20 mg tid) | 40 | 40 | 15 days | 1, 3 |
| Shen ZK et al., 2007 | Chinese | 32±8.24/21±7.31 | 31/19 | 1 | Not reported | AC (30 mins a day) plus nifedipine (20 mg bid) | Nifedipine (20mg bid) | 25 | 25 | 20 days | 1, 2, 3 |
| Sun J et al., 2009 | Chinese | 47.23±5.66/48.42±6.13 | 48/39 | 1 | 1 | AC (30 mins a day) | lifestyle | 44 | 43 | Not reported | 2 |
| Tian L et al., 2008 | Chinese | 59.17±3.16/59±3.01 | 33/27 | 1 | 1,2 | AC (30 mins a day) | Levamlodipine (2.5 mg a day) | 30 | 30 | 30 days | 1, 2, 3 |
| Yin C et al., 2007 | English | 52/54 | 9/21 | 3 | 1,2 | AC plus antihypertensive | SA plus antihypertensive | 15 | 15 | 8 weeks | 1 |
| Wan WJ et al., 2009 | Chinese | 63.72±8.23/65.24±6.41 | 36/24 | 1 | 1,2 | AC (10mins a day) | nicardipine (20 mg tid) | 30 | 30 | 15 days | 1,3 |
| Wang C et al., 2006 | Chinese | 25–60(range) | 34/25 | 1 | Not reported | EA (30 mins a day) | Lotensin (10 mg a day) | 30 | 29 | 8 weeks | 1,3 |
| Wu XM et al., 2015 | Chinese | 49. 10±8. 7/48. 08±8. 8 | 52/47 | 1 | 1,2 | AC (10 mins a day) | lifestyle | 50 | 49 | 4 weeks | 1, 2, 3 |
| Wu YR et al., 2011 | Chinese | 54.75±7.10/51.72±10.3 | 70/50 | 1 | 1,2 | AC (30 mins a day) | Metroprolol (100 mg a day) | 60 | 60 | 20 days | 1, 3 |
| Xie B et al., 2014 | Chinese | 56±11/53±10 | 30/30 | 1 | Not reported | AC (30 mins a day) | Captopril (25 mg tid) | 30 | 30 | 3 weeks | 1, 3 |
| Xing H et al., 2016 | Chinese | 61.83±9.10/57.14±9.33 | 35/28 | 1 | 1,2 | AC (30 mins a day) | Captopril (25 mg tid) | 31 | 32 | 4 weeks | 1, 3 |
| Yang DH et al., 2010 | Chinese | 40.4±5.2/41.7±4.2 | 37/23 | 1 | 1,2 | EA (30 mins a day) | Captopril (25 mg tid) | 30 | 30 | 2 weeks | 1, 2, 3 |
| Zhao DJ et al., 2003 | Chinese | 40.3±11.4/46.1±14.2 | 37/23 | 1 | 1,2 | AC plus lifesytle | Lifestyle | 30 | 30 | 40 days | 1 |
| Zhang Y et al., 2012 | Chinese | 42–46 (range) | Not reported | 1 | Not reported | AC (30 mins a day) | Captopril (25 mg tid) | 14 | 14 | 8 weeks | 1 |
| Zhang YB et al., 2011 | Chinese | 53.62±9.83/52.16±10.04 | 53/27 | 1 | Not reported | AC (20 mins a day) | Amlodipine (2.5 mg a day) | 45 | 35 | 4 weeks | 1, 3 |
| Zhang YL et al., 2005 | Chinese | 63.60±8.20/65.20±8.00 | 47/28 | 1 | Not reported | AC (30 mins a day) plus nifedipine (10mg tid) | Nifedipine (10 mg tid) | 45 | 30 | 20 days | 1, 3 |
| Zhang ZH et al., 2004 | Chinese | 56.5/55.5 | 42/18 | 1 | 1,2 | AC (30 mins a day) | Compounds of Reserpine and Hydrochlorothiazidec | 30 | 30 | 15 days | 3 |
| Zheng Y et al., 2016 | English | 56.53±7.52/56.73±4.91 | 8/22 | 1 | 1,2 | AC (30 mins a day except weekends) | SA | 15 | 15 | 2 weeks | 1 |
T – treatment; C – control; mins – minutes; AC – acupuncture; SA – sham acupuncture; EA – electro acupuncture; SBP – systolic blood pressure; DBP – diastolic blood pressure.
*
Included criteria: (1) SBP: ≥140 mmHg or DBP: ≥90 mmHg; (2) SBP: 120–159 mmHg or DBP: 80–99 mmHg; (3) SBP: 120–180 mmHg and DBP: 80–100 mmHg
#
Outcomes: (1) Blood pressure after intervention; (2) Changes in magnitude of blood pressure after intervention; (3) Efficacy rate; (4) Adverse effects.