Table 3. Ecological traits of selected urban carnivores.
| Red fox(Vulpes vulpes) | Coyote(Canis latrans) | Kit fox(Vulpes macrotis) | European badger(Meles meles) | Stone marten(Martes foina)c | Striped skunk(Mephitis spp.) | Raccoon(Procyon lotor) | Bobcat (Lynx rufus) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Distribution | Northern hemisphere, Australia | North America | SW USA, NW Mexico | Europe, Asia | Europe, Central Asia | North America | North America | North America |
| Social group | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Males | No |
| Urban social group size | 2.2–6.6 | 4–6 | 1–3 | 5.5 | Solitary | Solitary | - | Solitary |
| Adult urban density | 2–12 km-2 | 0.3–3 km-2 | - | 33 km-2 b | 4.7–5.8 km-2 | 2–7 km-2 | 125–333 km-2 | 0.04–0.28 km-2 |
| Exclusive territories | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes—Intersexual | No | No | No |
| Size of urban home range | 0.14 km2 a | 3–36 km2 | 1.2 km2 | 0.09 km2 (group) | 1.13 (m)0.37 (f) km2 | 0.51–0.64 km2 | 0.05–0.79 km2 | 1.3–6.4 km2 |
| Urban extent in home range | Fully | Mixed | Fully | Fully | Fully | Fully | Fully | Fully |
| Seasonal breeder | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Typically one litter per social group | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |