A) S2* cells were infected with heat- or UV-inactivated IIV-6 or infected with VACV or IIV-6 in serum-free (SF) media, and TotA induction was assayed by qRT-PCR. B, C) S2* cells were treated with the viral polymerase inhibitors B) phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) or C) cidofovir at the indicated concentrations for one hour prior to IIV-6 infection. For all panels, TotA induction was assayed at 24 hours post-infection by qRT-PCR. Significance, compared to IIV-6 infected samples without treatment or drugs, was determined by one-way ANOVA and Sidak’s multiple comparisons test (* p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001; and **** p < 0.0001). Error bars indicate standard deviation and black bars indicate the mean. A.U., Arbitrary Units.