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(a) A schematic illustration of the optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) and optically induced cell fusion (OICF) system. (b) When an external electric field was applied to a cell (green circle), a transmembrane potential was generated from the polarizing charges of the inner and outer membranes. (c) The induced transmembrane potential was used to fuse cells (green and red circles) when they were brought into contact.
