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A series of CCD images depicting effective cellular uptake of propidium iodide (PI) via electroporation in the optically induced dielectrophoresis and optically induced cell fusion (ODEP/OICF) chip under the OCIF operating mode. For the representative cell shown (bracketed in white in certain panels), 19 s of electroporation were required to visualize cytoplasmic RNA staining by PI.
