Table 1. Animal models of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Table adapted, with permission, from (Pennesi et al., 2012).

	CNV	RAP-Like	Reference	Comment
Complement Factor Pathway
Transgenic C3 Overexpression mice		X	Cashman et al., 2011
Chemokines
Ccl2 −/− and Ccr2 −/− mice	X		Ambati et al., 2003
Ccl2 −/− mice1	–		Luhmann et al., 2009	1 - Results differ from Ambati et al., (2003).
Cx3cr1 −/− mice	X²		Combadière et al., 2007	2 - Increased laser-induced CNV.
Ccl2/Cx3cr1 −/− mice	X		Tuo et al., 2007
Oxidative Damage models
Ceruloplasmin/hephaestin −/− mice		X	Hahn et al., 2004
SOD1 knockout mice	X		Imamura et al., 2006
NRF2 −/− mice	X		Zhao et al., 2011
OXYS Rat		X	Markovets et al., 2011
Glucose/Lipid Metabolism
APOEe2/e4 transgenic mice ± high fat	X³		Malek et al., 2005	3 - Only on ApoE4 mice when on high fat.
Vldlr −/− mice	X	X	Heckenlively et al., 2003, Chen et al., 2007
Other
Senescence accelerated mouse		X⁴	Takada et al., 1994	4 - Intrachoroidal NV
Induced CNV
Matrigel induced CNV	X		Shen et al., 2006; Cao et al., 2010
PEG-8 injection	X		Lyzogubov et al., 2011
PEC-injected MCP mice	X		Jo et al., 2011
Rat Subretinal lipid hydroperoxide injection	X		Baba et al., 2010	5 - intrachoroidal NV (VMD2/VEGF mice)
VEGF Transgenic mice	X⁵	X⁶	Multiple - see text	5 - CNV if subretinal injection 6 - rho/VEGF mice