Table 2.
Clinical and behavioral characteristics hepatitis C+ versus hepatitis C− participants.
| Characteristic | NHANES, 1999–2014* | NHANES, 1999–2014: Smokers only* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| HCV− (N=38,983) | HCV+ (N=524) | P | HCV− (N=8,508) | HCV+ (N=312) | P | |
|
| ||||||
| Medical history (%) | ||||||
| Asthma | 13.6% | 15.1% | 0.47 | 13.1% | 24.4% | 0.19 |
| Cancer | 8.9% | 7.8% | 0.50 | 6.9% | 6.5% | 0.82 |
| Diabetes | 8.3% | 9.7% | 0.41 | 6.2% | 9.1% | 0.17 |
| Emphysema | 1.8% | 4.5% | <0.001 | 3.4% | 4.3% | 0.50 |
| Hypertension | 29.8% | 41.1% | <0.001 | 24.7% | 34.3% | 0.006 |
| Cocaine, heroin, or | 18.7% | 71.6% | <0.001 | 35.1% | 80.1% | <0.001 |
| methamphetamine use | 2.1% | 52.1% | <0.001 | 4.8% | 53.6% | <0.001 |
| Injection drug use | 3.3% | 4.5% | 0.28 | 3.5% | 5.0% | 0.22 |
| Myocardial infarction Stroke | 2.7% | 4.7% | 0.02 | 2.8% | 3.3% | 0.65 |
| Depression score (95% CI) | 3.0 (2.9–3.1) | 5.6 (4.8–6.4) | <0.001 | 4.1 (3.9–4.3) | 6.5 (5.6–7.4) | <0.001 |
| Current depression (PHQ score≥10) | 7.4% | 25.3% | <0.001 | 13.5% | 33.2% | <0.001 |
| Other (non-cigarette) tobacco product use | 4.0% | 6.4% | 0.03 | 3.7% | 4.6% | 0.58 |
| Current excessive alcohol use | 34.3% | 52.7% | <0.001 | 55.4% | 58.7% | 0.44 |
| Non-tobacco substance use | ||||||
| Alcohol (%) | ||||||
| Current excessive | 34.3% | 52.7% | <0.001 | 55.4% | 58.7% | 0.23 |
| Current non-excessive | 45.1% | 33.6% | 35.6% | 35.2% | ||
| Past only | 7.5% | 8.7% | 5.4% | 5.3% | ||
| Never | 13.1% | 4.9% | 3.5% | 0.7% | ||
| Marijuana (%) | ||||||
| Current | 9.5% | 21.2% | <0.001 | 26.7% | 28.7% | 0.32 |
| Past only | 50.2% | 66.5% | 56.3% | 60.6% | ||
| Never | 40.3% | 12.3% | 17.1% | 10.7% | ||
| Cocaine | ||||||
| Current | 1.1% | 7.7% | <0.001 | 3.2% | 11.1% | <0.001 |
| Past only | 16.9% | 60.1% | 30.3% | 63.6% | ||
| Never | 82.0% | 32.2% | 66.6% | 25.2% | ||
| Heroin | ||||||
| Current | 0.2% | 2.4% | <0.001 | 0.6% | 4.0% | <0.001 |
| Past only | 1.8% | 30.7% | 4.2% | 30.7% | ||
| Never | 98.1% | 66.8% | 95.2% | 65.3% | ||
Note: HCV-=without active hepatitis C infection, HCV+=with active hepatitis C infection, CI= confidence interval, PHQ=Patient Health Questionnaire – 9.16
*
Data were not available for the entirety of 1999–2014 for all listed variables. For variables with missing years, the data were aggregated for all years available.