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. 2018 May 22;8:7984. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-26095-z

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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CS increases expression of HIV receptors CD4 and CCR5 in NHBE ALI cultures. NHBE ALI cultures were exposed to CS and total protein was extracted. Cells were lysed with RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitor cocktail and protein expression was quantified by Western blot analysis and normalized using β-actin. CS significantly enhances expression of CD4 (panel a) and CCR5 protein expression (panel b) when compared to air-exposed controls. CS does not increase CXCR4 protein expression (panel c). Western blot images (a–c) are representative of NHBE ALI cultures from three independent lungs. Relative density of the detected protein band was measured by using the ImageJ software and the values obtained were averaged. n = 3 lungs (unless stated otherwise). *Significant (p < 0.05).