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. 2018 May 16;9:1012. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01012

Table 2.

Expression profile and location of human secretory RNases.

Human RNase Main expression tissues and cell typesa Presence in biological fluids: rank score or reported levelb Subcellular locationc Expression regulated by (in comparison with)d
1

  • Pancreas

  • Lung

  • Adipose

  • Endothelial cells

  • Erythroblasts

  • Amniotic fluid: 629

  • Blood: 4.09e3

  • Serum: 0.5 μg/mL

  • Synovial fluid (108)

  • Cerebrospinal fluid (109)

  • Urine (110)

  • Extracellular space

  • Exosomes (111)

 ↑ Psoriatic arthritis (vs healthy in synovial fluid)
↑ Sepsis (vs normal in whole blood and monocytes) (112)
↑ Meningococcal sepsis (at 24 h vs normal at 0 h in monocytes)
↑ Leishmaniasis (vs normal)
↑ Systemic lupus erythematosus (vs normal)
↑ Interstitial cystitis (ulcer vs normal)
↓ Francisella tularensis novicida (vs uninfect)
↓ Francisella tularensis schu S4 (vs uninfect)
↓ Mycobacterium tuberculosis (vs none in macrophages at 48 h)
2

  • Liver

  • Lung

  • Spleen

  • Bone marrow

  • Neutrophils

  • Eosinophils

  • Monocytes

  • Amniotic fluid: 1.41e4

  • Blood: 982

  • Cerebrospinal fluid (113)

  • Urine (114)

  • Extracellular space (116)

  • Exosomes (117)

  • Azurophil granule lumen

 ↑ Septic shock (vs normal)
↑ Meningococcal sepsis
At 8 h, 24 h vs normal at 0 h in lymphocytes
At 24 h vs normal at 0 h in blood
At 0, 8, and 24 h vs normal at 0 h in monocytes
At 24 h vs meningococcal sepsis at 0 h in monocytes

  • Early gut lavage fluid (115)

 Healthy: 163 ng/mL

  • Late gut lavage fluid (115)

 Inflammatory bowel disease: 538 ng/mL
Healthy: 18 ng/mL
Inflammatory bowel disease: 95 ng/mL		 ↑ Sepsis (vs normal in whole blood, CD8, and monocytes)
↑ Tuberculosis (vs normal)
↑ Leishmaniasis (vs normal)
↑ Lyme disease at acute phase of infection (vs normal)
↑ Interstitial cystitis (ulcer vs normal)
↑ Psoriasis (at lesional skin vs normal at normal skin)
↑ Burn (vs control at early stage and middle stage)
↓ Francisella tularensis novicida (vs uninfect)
↓ Mycobacterium tuberculosis (vs none in macrophage at 48 h)
3

  • Bone marrow

  • Neutrophils

  • Eosinophils

  • Monocytes

  • T cells

  • Amniotic fluid: 3.17e4

  • Blood: 4.51e3

  • Cerebrospinal fluid (113)

  • Exosomes (111, 124)

  • Extracellular space (125)

  • Azurophil granule lumen

 ↑ Meningococcal sepsis At 24 h vs normal at 0 h in blood
At 24 h vs normal at 0 h in lymphocytes
At 0, 8, and 24 h vs normal at 0 h in monocytes

  • Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (118)

  • Sputum (119)

 Control: 1.7 μg/L
Asthma: 2.8 μg/L
Healthy: 26.1 ± 4.7 ng/mL
Asthma: 142.6 ± 34.2 ng/mL		 ↑ Septic shock (vs normal) (112)
↑ Lyme disease at acute phase of infection (vs normal)
↑ Leishmaniasis (vs normal)
↑ Burn (vs control at early stage and middle stage)
Control: <20 μg/L
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: 470 μg/L
Atopic keratoconjunctivitis:215 μg/L
Giant papillary conjunctivitis: 53 μg/L		 ↑ Asthma (118, 119)
↑ Inflammatory bowel disease (115)
↓ Atopic eczema (at normal skin vs normal at normal skin)

  • Early gut lavage fluid (115)

 Healthy: 5 ng/mL
Inflammatory bowel disease: 15 ng/mL

  • Late gut lavage fluid (115)

 Healthy: 1 ng/mL
Control: 3.5 ± 4.1 μg/L
Reactive eosinophilia with inflammation: 75.0 ± 92.3 μg/L
Control: 5.4–9.2 μg/L
Helminthiases: 46–98 μg/L
Atopic dermatitis: 50 μg/L
Bacterial infections: 23 μg/L
Malaria: 13 μg/L

  • Nasal fluid (123)

 Interstitial cystitis:10 μg/L
Normal: 32.6 ± 8.1 ng/mL
Chronic non-allergic sinusitis: 87.6 ± 20.8 ng/mL
Perennial allergic rhinitis: 84.7 ± 24.7 ng/mL
Perennial and seasonal allergy: 112.9 ± 25.6 ng/mL
4

  • Liver

  • Adipose

  • Salivary gland

  • Colon

  • Endothelial cells

  • Monocytes

  • B cells

  • T cells

  • Blood: 9.27e3

  • Cerebrospinal fluid (113)

  • Extracellular space

  • Exosomes (126)

 ↑ Sepsis (vs normal in whole blood)
↓ Visceral Leishmaniasis (vs normal)
↓ Psoriasis (at lesional skin vs normal at normal skin)
5

  • Liver

  • Endothelial cells

  • Spinal cord neurons

  • T cells

  • Mast cells

  • Amniotic fluid: 2.60e4

  • Blood: 7.93e3

  • Plasma: 96–478 ng/ml (127)

  • Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (128)

  • Exosomes (111)

  • Extracellular space

  • Growth cone

  • Basal lamina (131)

  • Angiogenin–RNase inhibitor complex (132)

 ↑ Enterococcus faecalis (vs none at 5 days)
↑ Mycobacterium tuberculosis (vs none in macrophage at 48 h)
↑ Meningococcal sepsis (at 24 h vs normal at 0 h in blood)
↑ Asthma (128)
↑ Inflammatory bowel disease (129
↓ Francisella tularensis novicida (vs uninfect))
Healthy: 394.6 ± 137.6 ng/mL

  • Neuronal cell body

 ↓ Francisella tularensis schu S4 (vs uninfect)

  • Cerebrospinal fluid (130)

 Ulcerative colitis: 526.5 ± 224.1 ng/mL
Crohn’s disease: 508.8 ± 228.5 ng/mL
Crohn’s disease: 508.8 ± 228.5 ng/mL
Control: 6.197 ± 1.987 ng/ml
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: 5.582 ± 1.754 ng/mL

  • Nucleus (133)

  • Nucleolus (134, 135)

  • Cytoplasmic vesicle

  • RNA stress granules (58)

 ↑ Psoriasis Lesional vs non-lesional psoriasis
Lesional vs normal
6

  • Lung

  • Heart

  • Placenta

  • Kidney

  • Monocytes

  • Neutrophils

  • Amniotic fluid: 1.49e4

  • Blood: 1.87e3

  • Exosomes

  • Extracellular space

  • Cytoplasmic vesicle

 ↑ Ulcerative colitis
↑ Crohn’s disease
↑ Interstitial cystitis (ulcer vs normal)
↑ Tuberculosis (vs normal)
↑ Juvenile dermatomyositis (vs normal)
↑ Interstitial fibrosis and inflammation (vs normal)
↑ Sepsis (vs normal in whole blood)
↑ Periodontitis (vs normal)

  • Meningococcal sepsis

 ↑ At 8 h, 24 h vs normal at 0 h in lymphocytes
↓ At 0 h vs normal at 0 h in monocytes
↓ Francisella tularensis novicida (vs uninfect)
↓ Francisella tularensis schu S4 (vs uninfect)
↓ Mycobacterium tuberculosis (vs none in dendritic and macrophage cell at 18 and 48 h)
↓ Newcastle disease virus (at 14, 16, and 18 h vs none at 0 h)
↓ Psoriasis (vs normal)
↓ Septic shock (vs normal)
↓ Burn (middle stage vs control)
7

  • Epithelial tissues

  • Liver

  • Kidney

  • Skeletal muscle

  • Keratinocytes (89, 136)

  • Basal cells (70)

  • Amniotic fluid: 2.69e3

  • Blood: 3.22e4

  • Skin washing fluids (44)


Forehead: 0.93 ng/cm2
Nose: 2.7 ng/cm2
Arm: 0.94–4.9 ng/cm2
Palm: 2.0 ng/cm2
Finger: 1.5 ng/cm2
Hand back: 2.0 ng/cm2
Neck: 3.1 ng/cm2
Calf: 3.4 ng/cm2

  • Exosomes (111, 137, 138)

  • Extracellular space (43, 84)

  • Cytoplasm

 ↑ Sepsis (vs normal) (112)
↑ Psoriasis (lesional vs normal)
↑ Acute pyelonephritis (84)
↑ Atopic dermatitis (69)
↑ Chronic anal fistula (139)
↑ Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (70)
↑ Pseudomonas aeruginosa (89)
↑ Staphylococcus aureus (89)
↑ E. coli (89)
↑ Streptococcus pyogenes (89)
↑ Mycobacterium tuberculosis (140)
↓ Atopic eczema (at skin lesion and normal skin vs normal at normal skin)
8

  • Placenta

  • Spleen (141)

  • Lung (141)

  • Testis (141)

  • Extracellular space

aSummary from Uniprot (www.uniprot.org/uniprot/), Genevisible (https://genevisible.com/search), and Human Expression Atlas (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gxa/home/).

bSummary from Bgee (https://bgee.org/) (Rank scores of expression calls are normalized across genes, conditions, and species. Low score means that the gene is highly expressed in the condition. Max rank score in all species: 4.10e4. Min rank score varies across species).

cSummary from Uniprot (www.uniprot.org/uniprot/) and Exocarta (www.exocarta.org/).

dSummary from Human Expression Atlas (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gxa/home/). Only inflammatory, injury, and infection-related conditions are included (up and downregulation is indicated by arrows).

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