Table 2.
Drugs currently in phase 1–4 of clinical development for neurobehavioral manifestations, neurodevelopmental, and autistic disorders.
| Name | Class | Clinical indication/condition (No. of trials in phase 2) | Clinical indication/condition (No. of trials in phase 3) | Clinical indication/condition (No. of trials in phase 4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arbaclofen | Anticonvulsant | Autistic disorder (3) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (2) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (3) | Autistic disorder (2) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (3) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (1) | |
| Aripiprazole | Antipsychotic drug | Autistic Disorder (5) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (1) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (6) | Autistic Disorder (7) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (1) Neurocognitive Disorders (6) Neurodegenerative disease (11) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (13) | Autistic Disorder (5) Neurocognitive Disorders (3) Neurodegenerative disease (3) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (11) |
| Atomoxetine | Selective norepinephrine transporter | Neurobehavioral Manifestations (4) Neurocognitive Disorders (5) Neurodegenerative disease (4) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (14) | Autistic Disorder (1) Neurocognitive Disorders (1) Neurodegenerative disease (1) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (29) | Autistic Disorder (3) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (5) Neurocognitive Disorders (1) Neurodegenerative disease (2) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (48) |
| Baclofen | Central muscle relaxant | Autistic Disorder (2) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (1) Neurodegenerative Diseases (2) Neurologic Manifestations (9) | Neurobehavioral Manifestations (1) Neurodegenerative Diseases (1) | |
| Bumetanide | Diuretic action | Autistic Disorder (2) | Autistic Disorder (1) | Neurodevelopmental Disorders (1) |
| Buspirone | Anxiolytic | Autistic disorder (3) Neurodegenerative Diseases (1) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (4) | Autistic disorder (1) Neurocognitive Disorders (1) Neurodegenerative Diseases (1) | |
| Citalopram | Antidepressant | Autistic Disorder (1) Neurocognitive Disorders (4) Neurodegenerative Diseases (2) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2) | Neurobehavioral Manifestations (3) Neurocognitive Disorders (7) Neurodegenerative Diseases (7) | Neurobehavioral Manifestations (3) Neurocognitive Disorders (4) Neurodegenerative Diseases (6) |
| CX516 | Autistic Disorder (1) Neurocognitive Disorders (2) Neurodegenerative Diseases (1) | |||
| D-Cyclocerine | NMDA modulator | |||
| Dimercaptosuccinic acid | Antidote for lead, mercury, and arsenic poisoning | Autistic Disorder (1) | ||
| Donepezil | Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor | Autistic Disorder (4) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (7) Neurocognitive Disorders (62) Neurodegenerative Diseases (57) | Neurobehavioral Manifestations (5) Neurocognitive Disorders (41) Neurodegenerative Diseases (33) | Autistic disorder (1) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (6) Neurocognitive Disorders (49) Neurodegenerative Diseases (37) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (1) |
| Fluoxetine | SSRI | Autistic disorder (3) Neurodegenerative disease (1) | Autistic disorder (3) Neurocognitive Disorders (1) | Neurodegenerative Diseases (1) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (1) |
| Fluvoxamine | SSRI | Autistic disorder (1) Neurocognitive Disorders (1) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2) | Neurodegenerative Diseases (1) | |
| Galantamine | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurobehavioral Manifestations (2) Neurocognitive Disorders (12) Neurodegenerative disease (7) | Autistic Disorder (1) Neurocognitive Disorders (28) Neurodegenerative disease (21) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (1) | Neurobehavioral Manifestations (3) Neurocognitive Disorders (22) Neurodegenerative disease (21) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2) |
| Lenalidomide | Anti-inflammatory | Autistic Disorder (1) Neurodegenerative Diseases (1) | ||
| Levetiracetam | Anticonvulsant | Neurobehavioral Manifestations (1) Neurocognitive Disorders (2) Neurodegenerative disease (5) | Neurocognitive Disorders (1) | Neurobehavioral Manifestations (2) Neurocognitive Disorders (1) Neurodegenerative disease (3) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (3) |
| Methyl cobalamin | Vitamin | Autistic disorder (2) Neurocognitive Disorders (1) Neurodegenerative Diseases (4) | Autistic disorder (2) Neurocognitive Disorders (1) Neurodegenerative Diseases (5) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2) | Neurocognitive Disorders (4) Neurodegenerative Diseases (1) |
| Minocycline | Antibiotic | Autistic Disorder (1) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (3) Neurocognitive Disorders (5) Neurodegenerative disease (5) | Neurobehavioral Manifestations (3) Neurocognitive Disorders (2) Neurodegenerative disease (2) | Autistic Disorder (1) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (1) |
| N-Acetyl cysteine | Antioxidant | Autistic disorder (4) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (4) Neurocognitive Disorders (4) Neurodegenerative Diseases (7) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (5) | Neurobehavioral Manifestations (1) Neurodegenerative Diseases (2) | Neurocognitive Disorders (1) Neurodegenerative Diseases (1) |
| Naltrexone | Opioid receptor antagonist | Autistic Disorder (1) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (2) Neurocognitive Disorders (1) Neurodegenerative disease (1) | Neurobehavioral Manifestations (1) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (1) | Neurodegenerative disease (1) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (3) |
| Olanzapine | Atypical antipsychotic | Autistic Disorder (2) Neurocognitive Disorders (1) Neurodegenerative Diseases (1) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2) | Autistic Disorder (1) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (2) Neurocognitive Disorders (3) Neurodegenerative Diseases (2) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2) | Neurobehavioral Manifestations (2) Neurocognitive Disorders (6) Neurodegenerative Diseases (2) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (5) |
| Oralgam | human immunoglobulin | Autistic Disorder (1) Child Development Disorders, Pervasive (1) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (1) | ||
| Oxytocin hormone | Hormone | Autistic Disorder (5) | ||
| Paliperidone ER | Atypical antipsychotic | Autistic Disorder (1) Neurocognitive Disorders (1) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (1) | Neurobehavioral Manifestations (1) Neurocognitive Disorders (1) | |
| Pioglitazone | Antihyperglycemic | Autistic Disorder (1) Neurocognitive Disorders (2) Neurodegenerative Diseases (4) | Neurocognitive Disorders (2) Neurodegenerative Diseases (3) | |
| RG 1068 | Synthetic human secretin | Autistic Disorder (2) | ||
| Riluzole | Sodium channel blocker | Autistic Disorder (3) Neurocognitive Disorders (2) Neurodegenerative Disorders (34) | Autistic disorder (1) Neurocognitive Disorders (1) Neurodegenerative Diseases (11) | Neurobehavioral Manifestations (2) Neurodegenerative Diseases (3) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (1) |
| Risperidone | Atypical antipsychotic drug | Autistic Disorder (4) Neurocognitive Disorders (3) Neurodegenerative disease (1) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (7) | Autistic Disorder (6) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (4) Neurocognitive Disorders (6) Neurodegenerative disease (5) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (12) | Autistic Disorder (4) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (8) Neurocognitive Disorders (11) Neurodegenerative disease (5) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (10) |
| Saproterin | Enzymatic cofactor | |||
| Sertraline | SSRI | Autistic Disorder (2) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (2) Neurocognitive Disorders (1) Neurodegenerative disease (2) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2) | Autistic Disorder (1) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (1) Neurocognitive Disorders (2) Neurodegenerative disease (1) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2) | Neurocognitive Disorders (2) Neurodegenerative disease (1) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2) |
| Valproic acid | Anticonvulsant | Autistic Disorder (3) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (2) Neurocognitive disorders (1) Neurodegenerative Diseases (7) | Autistic disorder (1) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (2) Neurocognitive Disorders (3) Neurodegenerative Diseases (3) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (1) | Autistic disorder (1) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (3) Neurocognitive Disorders (3) Neurodegenerative Diseases (1) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (6) |
| Valproic acid + sodium valproate | Anticonvulsant | Neurobehavioral Manifestations (1) Neurocognitive Disorders (1) | Autistic Disorder (1) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (1) Neurocognitive Disorders (1) | |
| Ziprasidone | Atypical antipsychotic | Autistic Disorder (1) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (1) Neurocognitive Disorders (2) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2) | Autistic disorder (1) Neurobehavioral Manifestations (3) Neurocognitive Disorders (3) | Neurobehavioral Manifestations (2) Neurocognitive Disorders (2) Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2) |