FIGURE 4.

Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) profiles showed influences of age, gender, and genetic differences on gut microbiota of LTsc1KO and wide-type Tsc1^fl/fl mice. LTsc1KO mice are a genetic mouse model with liver-specific knockout of the Tsc1 gene, which causes them to develop spontaneous HCC by 9–10 months of age, and Tsc1^fl/fl mice are their wide-type Tsc1^fl/fl cohorts. The mice were subdivided into five groups according to their age: group 1, age: 68–75 days; group 2, age: 100–133 days; group 3, age: 171–172 days; group 4, age: 185–191 days; and group 5, age: 222–322 days. (A) All samples; (B) Samples in group 1; (C) Samples in group 2; (D) Samples in group 3; (E) Samples in group 4; (F) Samples in group 5. ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01, and ^∗∗∗P < 0.001.