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. 2018 May 16;9:1018. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01018

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Copyright © 2018 Rabelo, Souza, Salomão, Oliveira, Sentinelli, Lacerda, Saraquino, Rosman, Basílio-de-Oliveira, Carvalho and Paes.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Histopathological analysis of the placenta and detection of ZIKV. (A–C) Placenta of a non-ZIKV patient stained with H.E. and presenting normal features: membrane (Mem), (MB) basal membrane, (FL) fibroblastic layer, (CL) compact layer, (Ep) epithelium, chorionic villi (CV), maternal decidua (Dec), and blood vessels (BV). (D–K) Sections of ZIKV-infected placental tissue stained with H.E., showing abnormalities in membrane, with cellular degeneration (CD), in the decidua and chorionic villi, including fibrinoid necrosis (FN), hemorrhage (He), mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate (Inf), infarct (IFT), calcification (Ca) and Hofbauer cells with clear cytoplasm (Hf). (L,M,P,Q) The flavivirus E protein and NS1 antigens of ZIKV were not detected by immunohistochemistry in the control placenta. (N–O) Detection of ZIKV E protein in decidual cells (DC), cytotrophoblasts (CTB), mesenchymal cells (MS) and Hofbauer cells (Hf) of the infected placenta. (R–T) The NS1 protein of ZIKV was also detected by immunohistochemistry in decidual cells (DC), cytotrophoblasts (CTB) and Hofbauer cells (Hf).