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Basal autophagic activity in brainstem regions implicated in Braak's hypothesis. Data represents the mean number of (A) LC3 puncta (i.e., autophagosomes) or (B) OPTN puncta per cell in 10N, RMg, LC, PTg, and SNpc. Data suggest the dopaminergic neurons (LC and SNpc) exhibit less basal autophagic activity than other regions. *p < 0.05 vs. SNpc; #p < 0.05 vs. 10N; $p < 0.05 vs. LC; @p < 0.05 vs. RMg; ∧p < 0.05 vs. PTg.
