TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics and change scores post–STN DBS
| Overall (n = 106)
|
Group 1 (n =4) 144–143 |
Group 2 (n = 21) 142–141 |
Group 3 (n =17) 140–138 |
Group 4 (n = 40) 137–130 |
Group 5 (n = 24) 129–104 |
Group
|
Tukey’s HSD | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | F value | P value | ||
| Preoperative sample characteristics | |||||||||||||||
| Age, years | 62.4 | 7.9 | 66.0 | 8.1 | 57.8 | 7.2 | 61.8 | 6.4 | 62.4 | 8.0 | 66.0 | 7.8 | 3.59 | 0.01 | 2<5 |
| Education, years | 14.1 | 2.9 | 16.0 | 3.7 | 15.8 | 2.3 | 14.3 | 2.8 | 13.9 | 2.6 | 12.6 | 3.2 | 4.19 | 0.01 | 2>5 |
| LEDD | 958.5 | 517.7 | 989.6 | 490.6 | 971.5 | 430.7 | 1,143.8 | 713.1 | 889.8 | 490.8 | 925.3 | 483.1 | 0.75 | 0.56 | |
| PD duration | 10.6 | 5.1 | 8.8 | 5.7 | 11.3 | 4.7 | 8.9 | 4.2 | 10.9 | 5.2 | 10.6 | 6.1 | 0.70 | 0.60 | |
| UPDRS-III off medsa | 39.3 | 10.3 | 31.0 | 4.1 | 36.9 | 10.5 | 37.0 | 10.6 | 42.4 | 11.0 | 38.3 | 7.6 | 2.10 | 0.09 | |
| UPDRS-III on medsa | 20.8 | 8.9 | 12.3 | 6.5 | 17.5 | 7.1 | 19.1 | 9.3 | 22.4 | 8.4 | 23.0 | 8.6 | 2.80 | 0.03 | ns |
| PDQ-39 Summary Index | 28.8 | 14.2 | 17.3 | 17.9 | 27.0 | 11.2 | 31.1 | 15.9 | 31.0 | 13.5 | 26.8 | 15.6 | 1.20 | 0.31 | |
| Normal/MCI-SD/MCI-MD | 18/33/55 | 0/1/3 | 7/8/6 | 3/3/11 | 5/12/23 | 3/9/12 | |||||||||
| WASI, FSIQa | 101.8 | 14.4 | 123.3 | 9.2 | 112.8 | 11.0 | 105.8 | 11.0 | 98.8 | 11.8 | 91.2 | 12.8 | 13.78 | 0.00 | 1,2>4,5;3>5 |
| BNT | 11.0 | 9.2 | 11.8 | 1.9 | 11.4 | 2.7 | 11.1 | 3.2 | 12.6 | 14.4 | 7.8 | 3.9 | 1.01 | 0.41 | |
| COWAT | 9.7 | 2.9 | 12.5 | 1.3 | 11.2 | 2.1 | 10.6 | 2.4 | 9.7 | 2.5 | 7.1 | 3.0 | 9.61 | 0.00 | 1,2,3,4>5 |
| Category | 9.2 | 3.0 | 10.8 | 1.0 | 10.5 | 3.1 | 10.2 | 2.3 | 9.2 | 2.8 | 7.1 | 2.9 | 5.10 | 0.00 | 2,3,4>5 |
| JOLO | 10.1 | 3.5 | 13.8 | 1.5 | 12.2 | 2.5 | 10.3 | 3.3 | 9.7 | 3.2 | 8.0 | 3.6 | 6.38 | 0.00 | 1>5; 2>4,5 |
| Oral SDMTa | 87.3 | 13.7 | 90.4 | 11.2 | 96.1 | 11.2 | 94.9 | 11.5 | 84.6 | 12.0 | 77.7 | 13.5 | 8.25 | 0.00 | 2,3>4,5 |
| Digit Span | 9.8 | 3.2 | 13.5 | 2.4 | 11.1 | 2.7 | 10.6 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2.1 | 8.8 | 4.4 | 4.02 | 0.01 | 1>4,5 |
| WCST Persev Errorsa | 89.9 | 14.0 | 96.0 | 20.8 | 94.4 | 10.4 | 90.4 | 16.1 | 88.2 | 12.3 | 87.2 | 16.3 | 1.11 | 0.36 | |
| RAVLT Trial 1 | 8.5 | 2.9 | 9.0 | 1.4 | 8.1 | 3.5 | 8.8 | 2.7 | 8.7 | 2.5 | 7.9 | 3.4 | 0.40 | 0.81 | |
| WMS-3, LM II | 9.7 | 2.7 | 11.8 | 1.5 | 10.5 | 2.5 | 10.0 | 3.3 | 9.5 | 2.6 | 8.7 | 2.6 | 1.88 | 0.12 | |
| BDI-IIb | 10.4 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 6.7 | 9.6 | 6.6 | 10.5 | 6.1 | 11.0 | 6.5 | 11.0 | 7.7 | 0.62 | 0.65 | |
| Change scores | |||||||||||||||
| LEDD | 305.1b | 544.6 | 491.5 | 364.6 | 332.8 | 543.9 | 305.6 | 725.9 | 229.6 | 507.9 | 321.2 | 487.5 | 0.44 | 0.78 | |
| UPDRS-III off medsa | 18.5b | 11.4 | 10.5 | 7.8 | 16.9 | 12.5 | 17.0 | 12.9 | 19.0 | 12.8 | 18.9 | 8.3 | 0.53 | 0.72 | |
| UPDRS-III on medsa | 4.1b | 8.3 | −4.3 | 9.1 | 3.9 | 7.1 | 3.7 | 7.6 | 5.3 | 10.1 | 5.4 | 7.7 | 1.04 | 0.39 | |
| DRSa | 0.3 | 6 | 4.8 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 4.4 | 1.0 | 3.5 | −0.1 | 6.0 | −2.7 | 7.3 | 3.3 | 0.01 | 1,2,3<4<5 |
| BDI-II | 1.3 | 6.4 | 2.5 | 5.8 | 0.6 | 7.2 | 1.3 | 6.5 | 1.6 | 5.9 | 0.2 | 7.4 | 0.25 | 0.92 | |
| PDQ-39 | 9.1b | 11.5 | 12.6 | 15.6 | 5.9 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 15.1 | 9.9 | 10.4 | 7.9 | 8.9 | 0.94 | 0.44 | |
| Unilateral/bilateral DBS | 62/44 | 3/1 | 11/10 | 8/9 | 26/14 | 14/10 | |||||||||
| Improve/stable/decline | 48/54/4 | 2/2/0 | 8/11/2 | 7/10/0 | 21/18/1 | 10/13/1 | |||||||||
All neuropsychological data presented as scaled scores, except where designated by (a) =standard score or (b) =raw score.
Group 4: n =37; group 5: n =23.
Significant change pre-post: P <0.05.
LEDD, levodopa equivalent daily dose; BNT, Boston Naming Test9; COWAT, Controlled Oral Word Association Test10; Category, Category fluency; JOLO, Judgment of Line Orientation11; Oral SDMT, Oral Symbol Digit Modalities Test12; Digit Span, Wechsler Memory Scale-III13; WCSTPE, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test14 Perseverative Errors; RAVLT trial 1, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test15 Trial 1; WMS LM2, Wechsler Memory Scale-III Logical Memory II13; MCI-SD, Mild Cognitive Impairment-Single Domain; MCI-MD, Mild Cognitive Impairment-Multiple Domain; SD, standard deviation; ns, not significant.