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. 2018 May 16;9:518. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00518

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Copyright © 2018 Zhang, Liu, Yang, Zheng, Yao, Sun, Xu, Lin, Chang and Tian.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Ultrastructural characteristics of astrocytes 48 h after cerebral ischemia. Representative transmission electron microscopy images of astrocytes in the peri-infarct area of stroke, at 48 h after cerebral ischemia, in three groups of animals. (A) Normal astrocyte was observed in sham group, (B) Swollen activated perineuronal and perivascular astrocytes were seen in model groups, which demonstrated activation as evidenced by a significant amount of chromatin condensation atop the nuclear membrane and large nucleolus. The astrocytes were characterized by dispersed residual organelles and swollen mitochondria. Astrocyte fusion was often observed (C). (D,E) Less damage was observed in the EGB treatment group. A astrocyte, f—fibrils. Bars: A,C,D,E 2 μm; B 1 μm.