Table 4. PRs of Subgroup Differences in Patients Who Exhibited Maintenance of Viral Suppression and Improvement in Viral Suppression Status During 12 Months of Observation, 2012–2013*.
| Maintenance of Viral Supp ression† | Improvement in Viral Suppression Status‡ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Subgroups | % (n/N) | Univariate PR and 95% CI | Multivariable§ PR and 95% CI | % (n/N) | Univariate PR and 95% CI | Multivariable§ PR and 95% CI |
| Sex‖ | ||||||
| Female | 84.8 (1805/2128) | Ref | Ref | 68.9 (422/612) | Ref | Ref |
| Male | 88.4 (5350/6054) | 1.04 (1.02 to 1.06)¶ | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.03) | 70.9 (1022/1441) | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.09) | 0.96 (0.89 to 1.03) |
| Age at the time of entry in cohort, yr | ||||||
| 18–39 | 84.6 (1129/1334) | Ref | Ref | 74.1 (421/568) | Ref | Ref |
| 40–49 | 87.3 (1847/2115) | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06) | 1.04 (1.02 to 1.08)¶ | 70.4 (385/547) | 0.95 (0.88 to 1.06) | 0.99 (0.93 to 1.07) |
| 50–91 | 88.3 (4179/4734) | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.07)¶ | 1.08 (1.05 to 1.11)¶ | 68.0 (638/938) | 0.92 (0.86 to 0.98)# | 1.00 (0.94 to 1.07) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White non-Hispanic | 87.3 (2571/2945) | Ref | Ref | 68.0 (470/691) | Ref | Ref |
| Black non-Hispanic | 86.3 (2584/2993) | 0.98 (0.96 to 1.00) | 0.98 (0.96 to 1.01) | 71.0 (589/829) | 1.04 (0.98 to 1.12) | 0.96 (0.89 to 1.03) |
| Hispanic | 88.9 (1751/1969) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.04) | 1.05 (1.02 to 1.07)¶ | 72.4 (343/474) | 1.06 (0.99 to 1.15) | 0.97 (0.89 to 1.04) |
| Other | 89.3 (208/233) | 1.02 (0.97 to 1.07) | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.05) | 70.9 (39/55) | 1.04 (0.87 to 1.24) | 0.88 (0.75 to 1.04) |
| HIV acquisition (exposure) risk category | ||||||
| Heterosexual | 85.6 (2881/3366) | Ref | Ref | 68.9 (634/920) | Ref | Ref |
| MSM | 89.5 (3077/3439) | 1.04 (1.02 to 1.06)¶ | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.02) | 71.1 (535/752) | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.10) | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.11) |
| MSM + IDU | 89.9 (393/437) | 1.05 (1.01 to 1.08)¶ | 0.99 (0.95 to 1.03) | 79.7 (98/123) | 1.15 (1.05 to 1.27)¶ | 1.14 (1.02 to 1.27)# |
| IDU | 84.9 (367/432) | 0.99 (0.95 to 1.03) | 0.98 (0.94 to 1.02) | 65.8 (81/123) | 0.95 (0.83 to 1.09) | 0.96 (0.84 to 1.09) |
| Undetermined/unknown/other/missing** | 85.9 (438/510) | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.04) | 0.97 (0.93 to 1.01) | 71.1 (96/135) | 1.03 (0.92 to 1.16) | 0.95 (0.84 to 1.06) |
| Recency of testing HIV positive (from the time of entry viral load), mo | ||||||
| <3 | 88.3 (473/536) | Ref | Ref | 89.5 (325/363) | Ref | Ref |
| 3–12 | 88.2 (180/204) | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.06) | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.09) | 89.4 (110/123) | 0.99 (0.93 to 1.07) | 0.99 (0.92 to 1.07) |
| 13–24 | 90.2 (369/409) | 1.02 (0.97 to 1.07) | 1.03 (0.98 to 1.08) | 69.8 (60/86) | 0.78 (0.67 to 0.90) ¶ | 0.81 (0.71 to 0.94)¶ |
| 25–48 | 88.6 (696/786) | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.04) | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.05) | 69.8 (134/192) | 0.78 (0.70 to 0.86) ¶ | 0.86 (0.79 to 0.95) ¶ |
| 49+ | 87.0 (5438/6249) | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.02) | 0.97 (0.93 to 1.00) | 63.2 (815/1289) | 0.70 (0.67 to 0.74)¶ | 0.76 (0.72 to 0.81)¶ |
| No. viral load results during observation | ||||||
| 2 | 92.3 (1954/2116) | Ref | Ref | 55.6 (203/365) | Ref | Ref |
| 3 | 90.0 (2782/3091) | 0.97 (0.96 to 0.99)¶ | 0.97 (0.96 to 0.99)¶ | 62.2 (330/531) | 1.11 (0.99 to 1.26)# | 1.10 (0.99 to 1.23) |
| 4 | 85.2 (1720/2019) | 0.92 (0.90 to 0.94)¶ | 0.93 (0.91 to 0.95)¶ | 73.4 (398/542) | 1.32 (1.19 to 1.46)¶ | 1.26 (1.14 to 1.39)¶ |
| 5 | 76.6 (483/631) | 0.83 (0.79 to 0.87)¶ | 0.84 (0.81 to 0.88)¶ | 82.2 (249/303) | 1.48 (1.33 to 1.64)¶ | 1.33 (1.20 to 1.48)¶ |
| 6-10 | 66.4 (217/327) | 0.72 (0.66 to 0.78)¶ | 0.77 (0.71 to 0.83)¶ | 84.6 (264/312) | 1.52 (1.37 to 1.69)¶ | 1.36 (1.22 to 1.50)¶ |
| Missed scheduled HIV primary care visit†† | ||||||
| 0 | 89.9 (5461/6069) | Ref | Ref | 72.4 (922/1274) | Ref | Ref |
| 1 | 81.9 (1415/1728) | 0.91 (0.88 to 0.93)¶ | 0.93 (0.91 to 0.95)¶ | 66.4 (384/578) | 0.92 (0.85 to 0.98)# | 0.96 (0.90 to 1.02) |
| 2 | 75.8 (251/331) | 0.84 (0.79 to 0.93)¶ | 0.88 (0.83 to 0.94)¶ | 69.2 (110/159) | 0.96 (0.86 to 1.06) | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.07) |
| 3+ | 51.8 (29/56) | 0.57 (0.45 to 0.74)¶ | 0.65 (0.51 to 0.84)¶ | 66.7 (28/42) | 0.92 (0.74 to 1.14) | 0.86 (0.70 to 1.05) |
| CD4 count at the time of entry in cohort, cells/μL | ||||||
| <200 | 79.1 (424/536) | Ref | Ref | 85.9 (429/499) | Ref | Ref |
| 200–500 | 86.2 (2649/3073) | 1.09 (1.04 to 1.14)¶ | 1.07 (1.03 to 1.12)¶ | 72.1 (662/918) | 0.83 (0.79 to 0.88)¶ | 0.86 (0.82 to 0.91)¶ |
| >500 | 89.3 (4083/4575) | 1.13 (1.08 to 1.18)¶ | 1.11 (1.06 to 1.16)¶ | 55.5 (353/636) | 0.64 (0.59 to 0.69)¶ | 0.69 (0.64 to 0.75)¶ |
| Clinic | ||||||
| A | 74.4 (708/952) | Ref | Ref | 56.8 (218/384) | Ref | Ref |
| B | 89.3 (771/863) | 1.20 (1.15 to 1.25)¶ | 1.21 (1.16 to 1.27)¶ | 71.6 (116/162) | 1.26 (1.11 to 1.43)¶ | 1.16 (1.01 to 1.33)# |
| C | 90.6 (1507/1663) | 1.21 (1.17 to 1.27)¶ | 1.18 (1.14 to 1.23)¶ | 71.6 (237/331) | 1.26 (1.13 to 1.41)¶ | 1.17 (1.04 to 1.31)¶ |
| D | 92.6 (1190/1285) | 1.25 (1.20 to 1.30)¶ | 1.23 (1.18 to 1.28)¶ | 77.8 (189/243) | 1.37 (1.22 to 1.53)¶ | 1.19 (1.05 to 1.33)¶ |
| E | 90.9 (797/876)) | 1.22 (1.17 to 1.28)¶ | 1.18 (1.13 to 1.24)¶ | 72.0 (121/168) | 1.27 (1.11 to 1.44)¶ | 1.21 (1.06 to 1.38)¶ |
| F | 85.8 (2183/2545 | 1.15 (1.10 to 1.20)¶ | 1.13 (1.08 to 1.18)¶ | 73.6 (563/765) | 1.30 (1.17 to 1.43) ¶ | 1.19 (1.07 to 1.32)¶ |
Cohort patients had at least 2 viral load tests during 12 months of observation.
The analysis of maintenance of viral suppression included only patients whose cohort entry viral load was suppressed. Maintenance = all subsequent viral loads suppressed (vs. not all subsequent results suppressed). n = 8139 for the adjusted model.
;The analysis of improvement in viral load status comprised patients with discordant viral suppression status at the first and last measurement occasions. Improvers were patients whose first viral load was unsuppressed and the last was suppressed during observation, and patients with worsening status were those whose first viral load was suppressed and the last was unsuppressed. n = 2049 for the adjusted model.
The multivariable model included all variables listed in the table.
The 69 transgender patients were not included as a separate subgroup because of small numbers, and they were not included in the denominators of the other stratification variables in this table.
P < 0.01.
P < 0.05.
The HIV acquisition (exposure) variable included 170 cases of missing data.
No-show without prior cancellation during 12-month observation period.