Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the four troponin-I groups
| Variables | Group I <0.03ng/ml N = 649 |
Group II 0.03 – 0.3ng/ml N = 1572 |
Group III 0.3 – 3ng/ml N = 750 |
Group IV >3ng/ml N = 397 |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year, Mean ± SD | 47.3 ± 21.1 | 55.2 ± 19.9 | 55.9 ± 20.6 | 58.4 ± 20.3 | <0.0001 |
| Gender, male, N (%) | 429 (66.1) | 991 (63.0) | 478 (63.7) | 267 (67.3) | 0.31 |
| APACHE II score, Mean ± SD | 20.3 ± 8.6 | 23.0 ± 9 | 27.0 ± 9.3 | 29.7 ± 9.0 | <0.0001 |
| Glasgow Coma Scale, Mean ± SD | 10.1 ± 4.3 | 10.1 ± 4.4 | 9 ± 4.7 | 8.0 ± 4.7 | <0.0001 |
| Admission diagnosis category, N (%) | |||||
| Respiratory | 121 (18.6) | 315 (20.0) | 144 (19.2) | 70 (17.6) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiovasculara | 127 (19.6) | 451 (28.7) | 289 (38.5) | 202 (50.8) | |
| Neurologic | 69 (10.6) | 89 (5.7) | 35 (4.7) | 9 (2.3) | |
| Other medical | 23 (3.5) | 80 (5.1) | 25 (3.3) | 16 (4.0) | |
| Non-operative trauma | 104 (16.0) | 153 (9.7) | 64 (8.5) | 23 (5.8) | |
| Postoperative | 205 (31.6) | 484 (30.8) | 193 (25.7) | 77 (19.4) | |
| Admission category, N (%) | |||||
| Non-operative | 444 (68.4) | 1088 (69.2) | 557 (74.3) | 320 (80.6) | <0.0001 |
| Postoperative | 205 (31.7) | 484 (30.8) | 193 (25.7) | 77 (19.4) | |
| Chronic co-morbidities, N (%) | |||||
| Chronic liver disease | 60 (9.6) | 196 (12.7) | 93 (12.7) | 37 (9.5) | 0.08 |
| Advanced heart failure | 87 (13.8) | 324 (20.9) | 177 (24.1) | 145 (37.1) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 84 (13.4) | 231 (14.9) | 120 (16.4) | 55 (14.1) | 0.44 |
| Chronic renal disease | 41 (6.5) | 234 (15.1) | 140 (19.1) | 95 (24.2) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic immunosuppression | 64 (10.2) | 195 (12.6) | 67 (9.1) | 31 (7.9) | 0.01 |
| Diabetes, N (%) | 178 (27.4) | 618 (39.3) | 289 (38.5) | 208 (52.4) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic hypertension, N (%) | 199 (30.7) | 652 (41.5) | 302 (40.3) | 203 (51.1) | <0.0001 |
| Mechanical ventilation, N (%) | 477 (73.5) | 1181 (75.1) | 660 (88.0) | 355 (89.4) | <0.0001 |
| Vasopressor use, N (%) | 213 (32.8) | 677 (43.1) | 445 (59.3) | 266 (67.0) | <0.0001 |
| Sepsis, N (%) | 124 (19.1) | 375 (23.9) | 214 (28.5) | 126 (31.7) | <0.0001 |
| Admission post-cardiac arrest, N (%) | 9 (1.4) | 77 (4.9) | 83 (11.1) | 75 (18.9) | <0.0001 |
| Admission physiologic characteristics | |||||
| Acute kidney injury, N (%) | 51 (7.9) | 232 (14.8) | 182 (24.3) | 107 (27) | <0.0001 |
| Heart rate >150 beat/minute, Mean ± SD | 0.02 ± 0.14 | 0.05 ± 0.21 | 0.06 ± 0.25 | 0.09 ± 0.29 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic Blood pressure <90 mmHg, Mean ± SD | 0.20 ± 0.40 | 0.27 ± 0.45 | 0.39 ± 0.49 | 0.40 ± 0.49 | <0.0001 |
| Urine output (ml 1st 24 hrs), Mean ± SD | 2252.9 ± 1571.9 | 1877.6 ± 1415.7 | 1702.9 ± 1604.0 | 1422.4 ± 1301.3 | <0.0001 |
| PaO2/FiO2 <200, N (%) | 204 (40.8) | 598 (43.4) | 360 (54.1) | 187 (54.4) | <0.0001 |
| Lab findings, Mean ± SD | |||||
| Platelet, 109/L | 257.3 ± 167.5 | 212.3 ± 142.7 | 186.9 ± 150.3 | 192.7 ± 136.4 | <0.0001 |
| Bilirubin, μmol/l | 37.8 ± 87.5 | 55.2 ± 119.8 | 67.1 ± 132.7 | 44.4 ± 82.1 | 0.0002 |
| Creatinine, μmol/l | 108.4 ± 112.4 | 156 ± 149.3 | 192.2 ± 163.5 | 247.9 ± 198.3 | <0.0001 |
| Lactate, mg/dL | 2.30 ± 2.30 | 3.02 ± 2.93 | 4.73 ± 4.20 | 5.70 ± 5.05 | <0.0001 |
| INR | 1.35 ± 0.70 | 1.54 ± 0.87 | 1.79 ± 1.185 | 1.97 ± 1.35 | <0.0001 |
SD standard deviation
aThe cardiovascular admission category includes admissions related to cardiovascular failure or insufficiency from hypertensive crisis, rhythm disturbances, acute decompensation of heart failure, hemorrhagic/hypovolemic shock, sepsis and dissecting thoracic/abdominal aneurysm. Please refer to the Supplement for a complete list of admission categories