Table 2.
Overview of the Included Qualitative Studies with Patient Participants
| Author & Reference | Year | Country | Diabetes Type | Aim | Sample and Setting | Data Collection | Data Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abu Hassan [36] | 2013 | Malaysia | Insulin T2DM | To explore patients’ reasons for accepting insulin and their initial barriers. | Patients with insulin T2DM (n = 21) Primary Care Clinic |
In-depth interviews Focus groups |
Thematic analysis |
| Brod [37] | 2014 | Canada, China & Germany | T1DM & Insulin T2DM |
To examine unintentional insulin dosing and injection irregularities due to forgetting among people with diabetes. | Patients with T1DM (n = 22) Insulin T2DM (n = 42) At least twice in the last three months of forgetting injection, or time/amount taken, or questioning if insulin was taken. Research recruitment databases |
Telephone interviews Focus groups |
Thematic analysis with grounded theory |
| Brown [38] | 2007 | UK | Insulin T2DM & Non-Insulin T2DM |
To gain an understanding of how health beliefs influence how African-Caribbeans manage their T2DM. | T2DM adults (n = 16) Insulin T2DM (n = 6) Self-help groups and GP practices Inner-city African-Caribbean community |
In-depth interviews | Thematic analysis |
| Browne [39] | 2013 | Australia | Insulin T2DM & Non-Insulin T2DM |
To explore the social experiences of adults with T2DM, focusing on the perception & experience of diabetes- related stigma. | T2DM adults (n = 25) Insulin T2DM (n = 5) State diabetes organisation |
Semi-structured interviews | Inductive thematic analysis |
| Hortensius [40] | 2012 | Netherlands | T1DM & Insulin T2DM |
To investigate patients’ perspectives of SMBG & all relevant aspects influencing SMBG. | Insulin treated DM patients (n = 28) T1DM (n = 13) T2DM (n = 15) Outpatient clinic (T1DM) GP practices (T2DM) |
In-depth interviews | Thematic analysis with grounded theory. |
| Janes [41] | 2013 | New Zealand | Insulin T2DM | To better understand barriers to glycaemic control from the patient’s perspective. | Insulin treated patients T2DM (n = 15) Diabetes clinic |
Semi-structured interviews. | Thematic analysis with a patient-centred framework. Interpretative phenomenological method of inquiry |
| Jenkins [42] | 2011 | UK and Ireland | Insulin T2DM | To explore participants’ experiences of intensifying insulin therapy during the Treating to Target in T2DM (4-T) trial. | T2DM patients (n = 41) Whose insulin was intensified in 4-T trial. Primary care |
In-depth interviews | Thematic analysis with grounded theory. |
| Ong [43] | 2014 | Malaysia | Insulin T2DM | To explore the barriers and facilitators to SMBG, in insulin T2DM patients. | Insulin treated T2DM patients (n = 15) Primary care clinic |
Semi-structured interviews | Inductive thematic analysis |
| Vinter-Repalust [44] | 2004 | Croatia | Insulin T2DM & Non-insulin T2DM |
To explore patients’ attitudes, thoughts, & fears connected with their illness; expectations of the healthcare system; and problems while adhering to the therapeutic regime. | Patients with T2DM (n = 49) Insulin T2DM (n = 13) General practice |
Focus group discussions. | Inductive thematic analysis |
Key: DSN diabetes specialist nurse, PN practice nurse, GP general practitioner, HCP health care professional, OHAs oral hypoglycaemic agents, PCPs primary care physicians, QOL quality of life, SMBG self-monitoring of blood glucose, T1DM type 1 diabetes mellitus, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, Insulin T2DM insulin treated type 2 diabetes mellitus