Table 3.
Results of pooled data
| Test | Ligament | Studies | Participants | TP | FP | FN | TN | Pooled sensitivity | Pooled specificity | Pooled LR+ | Pooled LR− | Pooled DOR | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value [95%CI] | I 2 | Value [95%CI] | I 2 | Value [95%CI] | I 2 | Value [95%CI] | I 2 | Value [95%CI] | I 2 | ||||||||
| MRI | ATFL | 12 | 457 | 300 | 19 | 68 | 70 | 0.83 [0.78, 0.87] | 50.4% | 0.79 [0.69, 0.87] | 68.6% | 2.72 [1.41–5.24] | 60.4% | 0.28 [0.19–0.41] | 20.7% | 16.25 [7.65–34.53] | 0.0% |
| MRI | CFL | 7 | 269 | 58 | 20 | 45 | 146 | 0.56 [0.46, 0.66] | 30.5% | 0.88 [0.82, 0.93] | 48.9% | 3.84 [1.99–7.40] | 36.5% | 0.55 [0.41–0.74] | 38.8% | 8.28 [3.08–22.24] | 48.7% |
| US | ATFL | 4 | 246 | 177 | 6 | 2 | 61 | 0.99 [0.96, 1.00] | 0% | 0.91 [0.82, 0.97] | 71.6% | 15.08 [5.85–38.87] | 0% | 0.02 [0.00–0.07] | 0% | 946.51 [159.33–5622.80] | 0% |
| US | CFL | 1 | 120 | 61 | 5 | 4 | 50 | 0.94 [0.85, 0.98] | – | 0.91 [0.80, 0.97] | – | 10.3 [4.5–23.9] | – | 0.07 [0.03–0.18] | – | 153 [7–3550] | – |
| stress radiography | ATFL | 4 | 118 | 66 | 3 | 14 | 35 | 0.81 [0.68, 0.90] | 44.9% | 0.92 [0.79, 0.98] | 0% | 7.94 [3.11–20.28] | 0% | 0.24 [0.11–0.54] | 46% | 39.24 [10.50–146.56] | 0% |
| stress radiography | CFL | 2 | 95 | 24 | 5 | 7 | 59 | 0.77 [0.59, 0.90] | 86.6% | 0.92 [0.83, 0.97] | 75.7% | 9.88 [0.65–149.20] | 83.8% | 0.20 [0.01–4.14] | 89.3% | 53.40 [0.50–5752.7] | 88.2% |
| Arthrography | ATFL | 2 | 34 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1.00 [0.88, 1.00] | 0% | 1.00 [0.54, 1.00] | 0% | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Arthrography | CFL | 3 | 70 | 26 | 4 | 3 | 37 | 0.90 [0.73, 0.98] | 0% | 0.90 [0.77, 0.97] | 26.5% | 7.55 [3.15–18.05] | 0% | 0.15 [0.06–0.39] | 0% | 69.85 [13.77–354.41] | 0% |
Abbreviation: US ultrasonography, ATFL anterior talofibular ligament, CFL calcaneofibular ligament, TP true positive, FP false positive, FN false negative, TN true negative, LR+ positive likelihood ratio, LR− negative likelihood ratio, DOR diagnostic odds ratio