Fig. 9.

p38 activation was required for the stimulatory effect of CD73 on alternatively activated microglia. a, b Immunoblotting of phosphorylated form of p38 in BV2 cells challenged with IL-4 in presence or absence of pcRNA3.1 or MRS1706 and statistical comparison. ***p < 0.001 versus IL-4, ^##p < 0.01 versus IL-4 + pcDNA3.1. c, d Immunoblotting of phosphorylated form of p38 in BV2 cells challenged with IL-4 in presence or absence of NECA and statistical comparison. **p < 0.01 versus IL-4. e, f The mRNA expression of microglial M1/M2 markers in BV2 cells challenged with IL-4 in presence or absence of pcDNA3.1 or SB203580. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. g, h, i, j Immunoblotting of iNOS/Arg1 in BV2 cells challenged with LPS/IL-4 in presence or absence of pcDNA3.1 or SB203580 and statistical comparison. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus LPS/IL-4, ^#p < 0.05 versus LPS/IL-4 + pcDNA3.1. Data are shown as the mean ± SD from four independent experiments