Table 1. Publications Documenting Allergen Stability by Chemical Concentration Analysis or Clinical Testing.
| Reference, Allergen(s) | Conditions | Results |
|---|---|---|
| Bergendorff and Hansson2 | Fresh, 3 mo |
Concentration: NP Clinical: Tested 10 known thiuram-sensitive patients, all reacted to both |
| Thiuram | ||
| Geier et al3 | Fresh, 2 mo, 6 mo, 21 mo |
Concentration: 1% fresh; 0.2% 2 mo; 0.1% 6 mo; 0.01% 21 mo Clinical: Tested 177 patients; 24 reacted to ≥1 κ = 0.81–0.86 (very good); 1 patient +++ 9 mo and negative to 14 mo and 18 mo; 4 patients + 2–11 mo |
| p-Toluene diamine | ||
| Lembo et al4 | Fresh, 6 y |
Concentration: Thin layer chromatography testing acceptable Clinical: Tested 26 sensitized patients (1–7/allergen) All reacted to both |
| Balsam of Peru | ||
| Cobalt | ||
| Colophony | ||
| Ethylenediamine | ||
| Mercaptobenzothiazole | ||
| Nickel | ||
| Potassium dichromate | ||
| Vioform | ||
| Disperse yellow 3 | ||
| Formaldehyde | ||
| Gruvberger et al5 | Fresh, 1 y (4 concentrations) |
Concentration: All 4 identical concentration; no degradation Clinical: NP |
| Methyldibromo glutaronitrile | ||
| Bar et al6 | 40 y |
Concentration: NP Clinical: 15 known positive patients tested Paraphenylenediamine, 5/5 patients positive Benzocaine, 2/2 patients positive Balsam of Peru, 1/3 patients positive Epoxy, 3/4 patients positive |
| Paraphenylenediamine | ||
| Benzocaine | ||
| Balsam of Peru | ||
| Epoxy | ||
| Mose et al7 | 2 h, 8 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7 d |
Concentration: Cinnamal (50% Fridge; 90% RT) Eugenol (30% Fridge; 75% RT) Van der Bend: 980% Fridge and RT ok MMA (960% Fridge; 0% RT) 2-HEMA (960% Fridge; 0% RT) 2-HPA (ok Fridge; 960% RT) Van der Bend: G20%; all 3 Fridge ok Clinical: NP |
| Cinnamal | RT, Fridge | |
| Eugenol | IQ, IQ Ult, Van der Bend | |
| MMA | ||
| 2-HEMA | ||
| 2-HPA | ||
| Isaksson et al8 | 1y |
Concentration: Tixocortol pet and eth, stable all conditions Budesonide pet and eth, stable all conditions Hydrocortisone-17 butyrate eth, freezer ok; RT e 3 mo Clinical: NP |
| Tixocortol | Pet, Eth | |
| Budesonide | RT, Fridge, Freezer | |
| Hydrocortisone-17 butyrate | ||
| Goon et al9 | 4 mo | |
| 2-HEMA | RT, Fridge, Freezer |
Concentration: 2-HEMA, EGDMA, TREGDAVall temperatures ok MMA 8 d RT, 10 d Fridge 2-HPA 21 d RT, 3 mo Fridge All rapid loss in IQ Clinical: NP |
| EGDMA | IQ, Finn | |
| TREGDA | ||
| MMA | ||
| 2-HPA | ||
| Siegel et al10 | In-use, unexpired and expired, allergens from patch test clinics |
Concentration: Nickel, acceptable concentration Formaldehyde, acceptable concentration but loss occurred with storage Methyl methacrylate e56% Glutaraldehyde 27% to 45% Clinical: NP |
| MMA 2% | ||
| Nickel | ||
| Formaldehyde | ||
| Glutaraldehyde 1% | ||
| Erikstam et al11 | 3y |
Concentration: 30% Clinical: Patient tested negative to allergen but positive to product |
| Triglycidyl isocyanurate | ||
| Frick-Engfeldt et al12 | 1y |
Concentration: MDI failed all 3 PMDI better, but only freezer acceptable Clinical: NP |
| MDI (diphenylmethane-4,4-diisocyanate) | RT, Fridge, Freezer | |
| PMDI (polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate) | ||
| Nilsson et al13 | 6 wk |
Concentration: Oxidation products unstable α-Tocopherol stabilizer in pet causes degradation of hydroperoxides Use nonstabilized oxidized d-limonene Good for 6 wk Clinical: NP |
| d-limonene | ||
| Mowitz et al14 | 0, 4, 8, 24, 72, 144 h |
Concentration: All Fridge 9 RT 4/7 decreased by 920% within 8 h at RT All except amyl cinnamal decreased by 920% by 144 h F Slightly better in FM than individually Clinical: NP |
| Fragrance mix I | RT, Fridge | |
| Components | 20 mg Finn open | |
| 30 mg IQ with plastic cover | ||
| Hamann et al15 | 0, 8 h, 9 d 5 -C, 25 -C, 35 -C |
Concentration: 8 h, ok 9 d 7 decreased by 30% at 35 -C; decreased by10% at 25 -C; decreased G5% at 5 -C Clinical: NP |
| Lyral | ||
RT, room temperature; Pet, petroleum; Eth, ethanol; NP, not performed.