Table 3.

Means and Standard Deviations of Study Variables by Maltreatment Status and Sex

	Maltreatment Status			Sex
	Maltreated	Comparison	p	Male	Female	p
Maternal depressive symptoms
Time 1	4.3 (4.3)	2.3(2.9)	< .001	3.3 (3.4)	3.2 (4.1)	.84
Time 2	4.3 (5.0)	1.6(3.3)	< .001	3.3 (4.6)	2.6 (4.3)	.34
Time 3	3.5 (4.4)	2.0(4.0)	.03	3.0 (4.8)	2.3 (3.6)	.37
Child aggression
Time 1	5.3 (4.2)	4.7(4.4)	.33	5.3 (4.6)	4.6 (4.0)	.27
Time 2	5.4 (4.9)	4.9(4.5)	.52	5.0 (4)	5.3 (5.4)	.67
Time 3	5.9 (5.1)	4.8(4.3)	.15	5.3 (4)	5.2 (5.2)	.89
Child rule breaking
Time 1	1.5 (1.9)	1.1(2.3)	.25	1.5 (2.5)	1.1 (1.5)	.19
Time 2	1.5 (1.9)	2.0(2.8)	.14	1.9 (2.0)	1.7 (2.7)	.64
Time 3	2.5 (2.8)	2.4(2.6)	.82	2.4 (2.3)	2.4 (2.9)	.91
Child depressive symptoms
Time 1	9.6 (6.8)	7.7(5.4)	.04	8.2 (5.9)	9.0 (6.4)	.37
Time 2	9.2 (7.0)	7.0(5.6)	.03	8.0 (6.4)	8.1 (6.4)	.99
Time 3	8.8 (7.2)	7.2(5.4)	.15	7.2 (5.4)	8.5 (7.0)	.21

Note. Mean differences between groups tested using independent samples t-test.