Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of included studies

Study ID	Country	Study design	Participants			Data source	Time		Outcomes reported
			Study population	Setting	Age		Guideline introduction	Years of follow-up
Tyrstrup et al 14	Sweden	Observational	N=1 245 599*	PC	1–12 Y	Routine care	2010	Pre: 2008 Post: 2013	Antibiotic prescription rate Type of antibiotic
Palma et al 11	Italy	Observational	N=4559 Npre=2692 Npost=1867	SC	0–14 Y	Routine care	2010	Pre: 2007–2010 Post: 2011–2013	Antibiotic prescription rate Type of antibiotic
Levy et al 9	France	Observational	N=14 661	SC	6 M–2 Y	Routine care	2011	Pre1: November 2009–October 2010 Pre2: November 2010–October 2011 Post: November 2011–October 2012	Type of antibiotic
McGrath et al 10	USA	Observational	N=4 629 460	SC	3 M–12 Y	Insurance databases	2004	Pre: 2000–2003 Post1: 2005–2007 Post2: 2008–2011	Antibiotic prescription rate
Coco et al 8	USA	Observational	N=1114 Npre=584 Npost=530	PC+SC	6 M–12 Y	Electronic surveys	2004	Pre: January 2002–June 2004 Post: July 2004–December 2006	Antibiotic prescription rate Type of antibiotic Analgesic prescription rate
Thompson et al 13	UK	Observational	N=464 845†	PC	3 M–15 Y	Routine care	2003 2004	Pre: 1999–2001 Post: 2005–2006	Antibiotic prescription rate
Ríos et al 12	Spain	Observational	N=200 Npre=102 Npost=98	PC	2–15 Y	Routine care	2001	Pre: January–March 2000 Post: January–March 2002	Type of antibiotic

*Number of patient years.

†Number included in total study period of 17 consecutive years, no specific information on number of children over 1999–2001 and 2005–2006 periods.

M, months; N, number of patients; N/A, not available; PC, primary care setting; SC, secondary care setting; Y, years.