Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of PICU admissions by LLC status (with row %)
| Total | LLC | % | No LLC | % | Χ2 | p Value | |
| Number | 154 667 | 89 127 | 57.6 | 65 540 | 42.4 | ||
| Age category | 556 | <0.001 | |||||
| <1 year | 72 170 | 42 232 | 58.5 | 29 938 | 41.5 | ||
| 1–4 years | 39 571 | 23 097 | 58.4 | 16 474 | 41.6 | ||
| 5–10 years | 20 448 | 11 982 | 58.6 | 8466 | 41.4 | ||
| 11–15 years | 19 003 | 9542 | 50.2 | 9461 | 49.8 | ||
| 16+ | 3467 | 2267 | 65.4 | 1200 | 34.6 | ||
| Missing | 8 | 7 | 1 | ||||
| Sex | 3.1 | 0.21 | |||||
| Male | 87 686 | 50 422 | 57.5 | 37 264 | 42.5 | ||
| Female | 66 933 | 38 682 | 57.8 | 28 251 | 42.2 | ||
| Missing | 48 | 23 | 25 | ||||
| Ethnicity | 233 | <0.001 | |||||
| Non-South Asian | 1 36 670 | 77 804 | 56.9 | 58 866 | 43.1 | ||
| South Asian | 17 997 | 11 323 | 62.9 | 6674 | 37.1 | ||
| Deprivation category | 74.7 | <0.001 | |||||
| Category 1 (least deprived) | 21 421 | 12 101 | 56.5 | 9320 | 43.5 | ||
| Category 2 | 21 816 | 12 573 | 57.6 | 9243 | 42.4 | ||
| Category 3 | 26 341 | 15 437 | 58.6 | 10 904 | 41.4 | ||
| Category 4 | 34 498 | 19 935 | 57.8 | 14 563 | 42.2 | ||
| Category 5 (most deprived) | 49 538 | 28 361 | 57.3 | 21 177 | 42.7 | ||
| Missing | 1053 | 720 | 333 | ||||
| Diagnostic group (reason for PICU admission) | 1300 | <0.001 | |||||
| Neurological | 17 270 | 8154 | 47.2 | 9116 | 52.8 | ||
| Cardiac | 44 767 | 32 465 | 72.5 | 12 302 | 27.5 | ||
| Respiratory | 42 230 | 21 687 | 51.4 | 20 543 | 48.6 | ||
| Oncology | 5190 | 4663 | 89.8 | 527 | 10.2 | ||
| Infection | 8014 | 3468 | 43.3 | 4546 | 56.7 | ||
| Musculoskeletal | 5736 | 3192 | 55.6 | 2544 | 44.4 | ||
| Gastrointestinal | 10 019 | 5245 | 52.4 | 4774 | 47.6 | ||
| Other | 8140 | 4554 | 55.9 | 3586 | 44.1 | ||
| Blood and lymph | 1456 | 757 | 52.0 | 699 | 48.0 | ||
| Trauma | 4581 | 405 | 8.8 | 4176 | 91.2 | ||
| Endocrine/metabolic | 3878 | 2131 | 55.0 | 1747 | 45.0 | ||
| Multisystem | 427 | 402 | 94.1 | 25 | 5.9 | ||
| Body wall and cavities | 2959 | 2004 | 67.7 | 808 | 32.3 | ||
| Risk of mortality (PIM2) | 2001 | <0.001 | |||||
| <1% | 48 957 | 25 583 | 52.3 | 23 374 | 47.7 | ||
| 1% to <5% | 74 212 | 42 403 | 57.1 | 31 809 | 42.9 | ||
| 5% to <15% | 24 727 | 16 261 | 65.8 | 8466 | 34.2 | ||
| 15% to <30% | 4270 | 3321 | 77.8 | 949 | 22.2 | ||
| >30% | 2501 | 1559 | 62.3 | 942 | 37.7 | ||
| LOS PICU (days) | 5600 | <0.001 | |||||
| <1 | 45 246 | 22 420 | 49.6 | 22 826 | 50.4 | ||
| 1 to <3 | 49 285 | 26 579 | 53.9 | 22 706 | 46.1 | ||
| 3 to <7 | 34 122 | 20 381 | 59.7 | 13 741 | 40.3 | ||
| 7 to <14 | 15 957 | 11 342 | 71.1 | 4615 | 28.9 | ||
| 14 to <28 | 6603 | 5401 | 81.8 | 1202 | 18.2 | ||
| 28+ | 3412 | 2986 | 87.5 | 426 | 12.5 | ||
| Missing | 42 | 18 | 42.9 | 24 | 57.1 | ||
| Type of PICU admission | 3600 | <0.001 | |||||
| Planned, after surgery | 49 749 | 33 034 | 66.4 | 16 715 | 33.6 | ||
| Unplanned, after surgery | 7688 | 3985 | 51.8 | 3703 | 48.2 | ||
| Planned other | 10 900 | 7551 | 69.3 | 3349 | 30.7 | ||
| Unplanned | 86 050 | 44 412 | 51.6 | 41 638 | 48.4 | ||
| Not known | 280 | 145 | 135 | ||||
| Year of PICU admission | 574 | <0.001 | |||||
| 2004 | 12 293 | 6366 | 51.8 | 5927 | 48.2 | ||
| 2005 | 12 326 | 6531 | 53.0 | 5795 | 47.0 | ||
| 2006 | 12 634 | 7116 | 56.3 | 5518 | 43.7 | ||
| 2007 | 13 275 | 7492 | 56.4 | 5783 | 43.6 | ||
| 2008 | 13 462 | 7463 | 55.4 | 5999 | 44.6 | ||
| 2009 | 14 023 | 7994 | 57.0 | 6029 | 43.0 | ||
| 2010 | 14 185 | 8341 | 58.8 | 5844 | 41.2 | ||
| 2011 | 14 006 | 8282 | 59.1 | 5724 | 40.9 | ||
| 2012 | 14 597 | 8904 | 61.0 | 5693 | 39.0 | ||
| 2013 | 14 865 | 9126 | 61.4 | 5739 | 38.6 | ||
| 2014 | 14 973 | 9137 | 61.0 | 5836 | 39.0 | ||
| 2015 | 4028 | 2375 | 59.0 | 1653 | 41.0 | ||
LLC, life-limiting condition; LOS, length of stay; PICU, paediatric intensive care unit; PIM2, Paediatric Index of Mortality 2.