Table 1.

Average Alpha and Omega Estimates and Empirical Standard Errors and Coverage Rates of 95% Confidence Intervals for Study 1 Under Normally Distributed Data (Normal), Data With Outliers (Outlier), and Data With Leverage Observations (Leverage)^a.

		ϕ	Alpha			Omega
			Est	SE	Coverage	Est	SE	Coverage
Tau-equivalence	Normal	BCa	.898	.016	.931	.899	.016	.933
		0	.898	.015	.934	.899	.016	.939
		.05	.898	.016	.942	.899	.016	.944
		.1	.898	.016	.950	.899	.016	.946
	Outlier	BCa	.663	.112	0	.600	.111	0
		0	.663	.109	.115	.600	.101	0
		.05	.863	.047	1	.862	.049	1
		.1	.872	.033	.991	.873	.033	.995
	Leverage	BCa	.953	.014	.012	.953	.014	.012
		0	.953	.012	.004	.953	.012	.004
		.05	.944	.018	.241	.945	.018	.236
		.1	.940	.019	.348	.941	.019	.337
Non-tau-equivalence	Normal	BCa	.772	.036	.949	.786	.031	.954
		0	.772	.034	.934	.786	.033	.933
		.05	.772	.035	.937	.786	.034	.935
		.1	.772	.036	.939	.786	.034	.930
	Outlier	BCa	.437	.165	.013	.456	.112	.000
		0	.437	.161	.313	.456	.112	.025
		.05	.691	.100	1.00	.691	.102	.988
		.1	.712	.073	.989	.716	.075	.980
	Leverage	BCa	.914	.030	.001	.916	.028	.001
		0	.914	.024	.000	.916	.024	.000
		.05	.885	.047	.314	.889	.045	.346
		.1	.873	.046	.400	.877	.043	.435

Note. Est = estimate; SE = standard error; Coverage = coverage rate of 95% confidence intervals; BCa = bootstrap standard error and confidence interval based on 1,000 bootstrap samples.

^aThe population alpha and omega are both .9 under tau-equivalence; and under non-tau-equivalence, the population alpha is .777 and the population omega is .789.